Executive Summary Syria faces a devastating “polycrisis.” The growing impacts of climate change are deeply connected to years of poor governance, a brutal conflict lasting over a decade, and a severe economic collapse. This report argues these are not separate problems. Instead, they are part of a single, widespread failure. Environmental damage has both driven
Executive Summary Introduction Syria is at a crucial point. It faces the huge task of rebuilding after over a decade of conflict and the severe earthquakes of 2023. The country’s buildings and infrastructure have been badly damaged. Old problems in building practices and a lack of proper oversight have become very clear. This report reviews
Dismantling the deep-rooted corruption within the Assad regime is clear. The Syrian public sector, full of inefficiency and “ghost employees,” is a prime example. This systemic corruption has drained public funds for decades. While Assad’s fall offers a golden chance to fix this, the approach to public sector reform, especially regarding layoffs, needs careful thought.
This research presents a simplified analysis method aimed at reducing energy demand in Syrian residential buildings by implementing highly cost-effective and structurally feasible passive design solutions. An optimised envelope specification is recommended based on thermal simulation across different building materials, glazing types, and climatic zones.
An annual government budget is not merely a collection of financial estimates; it is a direct statement of a state's priorities. For countries emerging from conflict, such as Syria, the budget becomes the absolute cornerstone of reconstruction efforts. This analysis explores the lessons Syria can draw from the UK and Rwanda.