الموسوعة · مكان

سورية

Syria

في الأعلى: الفصول التي تسمّيه، وكم مرة. وفي الأسفل: أكثر ما يرد معه في المصادر والادّعاءات نفسها.

الصيغة العربية مأخوذة من وثيقة تستعملها. والصيغة العربية من SRC-473.

يرد في الكتاب

المقدمة 21 الفصل الأول 28 الفصل الثاني 47 الفصل الثالث 48 الفصل الرابع 39 الفصل الخامس 48 الفصل السادس 85 الفصل السابع 17 الفصل الثامن 72 الفصل التاسع 46 الفصل العاشر 74 الفصل الحادي عشر 25 الفصل الثاني عشر 23

مصادر تسمّيه

• SRC-009 UN Common Country Analysis Syria
• SRC-017 United Nations Development Programme, The Impact of the Conflict in Syria: socio-economic impact assessment, 19 February 2025
• SRC-018 United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Syria at War: Eight Years On, 2020
• SRC-019 World Bank, Syria Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE), 2023
• SRC-021 Carmen-Cristina Cirlig, A just transition and reconstruction in Syria, European Parliamentary Research Service, At a Glance, PE 769.518, March 2025
• SRC-024 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Operational Update, Syria, May 2026
• SRC-027 FEWS NET, Syria Food Security Outlook, June 2026
• SRC-028 Green Climate Fund readiness and preparatory support proposals for Syria: FAO NDA strengthening and country programming; UNIDO and CTCN strategic…
• SRC-035 United States Department of State, 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Syria
• SRC-036 104 Billion Pounds: Thefts in Syrian Regime Government Increased by 400% in One Year, Syria TV, published 13 April 2023 and last updated 17 April…
• SRC-038 World Bank, The Toll of War: The Economic and Social Consequences of the Conflict in Syria, full report, 10 July 2017
• SRC-039 Central Bank of Syria currency redenomination, new banknotes in circulation from 1 January 2026, two zeros removed
• SRC-040 Sharmila Devadas, Ibrahim Elbadawi and Norman V. Loayza, Growth in Syria: Losses from the War and Potential Recovery in the Aftermath, Development…
• SRC-041 Global Financial Integrity, press release, Syria Lost US$23.6 Billion in Illicit Financial Outflows from 2000-2009, Says Forthcoming GFI Report, 1…
• SRC-044 Syrian Arab News Agency, Syria announces new currency framework, two-zero redenomination, 28 December 2025
• SRC-049 Joseph Daher, Crony Capitalism and Federalism in Syria's Reconstruction, interview, Salon Syria, 21 November 2017
• SRC-053 International Monetary Fund, IMF Staff Concludes Staff Visit to Syria, press release PR26272, 4 August 2026
• SRC-058 Human Rights Watch, Syria: One Year Since Assad's Fall, 8 December 2025
• SRC-063 Syria TV, the underlying report behind the translation held at SRC-036
• SRC-065 Diana Rayes, Dispatch from Damascus: challenges of rebuilding in Syria, Atlantic Council MENASource, 3 January 2025
• SRC-066 Rebuilding Syria's Infrastructure: A Critical Priority, Eurasia Review, 24 January 2025
• SRC-071 World Bank, Syria Macro-Fiscal Assessment, June 2025, Middle East and North Africa Region
• SRC-074 Zouhir Al Shimale, Basement schools aid children in Syria's Eastern Ghouta, Al Jazeera, 29 March 2018
• SRC-090 Karam Shaar and Ali Fathollah-Nejad, 'Iran's credit line to Syria: A well that never runs dry', Atlantic Council IranSource
• SRC-094 Middle East Monitor, 'Leaked documents reveals size of Syria's debts to Iran', 11 August 2023
• SRC-095 Human Rights Watch, 'Q&A: Syria's New Property Law'
• SRC-099 Syrians for Truth and Justice, 'Syria: Qaboun and Harasta Zoning Decree No. 237 Hails New Series of Property Confiscations near Damascus'
• SRC-100 The Syria Report, Housing, Land and Property portal, hlp.syria-report.com, English and Arabic
• SRC-101 Reporting on the al-Sumariyeh (السومرية) district of Damascus, August 2025, including al-Akhbar and Hashtag Syria
• SRC-103 The Syria Report, 'السكن العسكري في دمشق بعد سقوط النظام بين الانتهاكات والغموض القانوني'
• SRC-104 The Syria Report and others on the Homs Dream project and the Baba Amr, al-Sultaniyeh and Jobar plan
• SRC-105 Noor Hamadeh, 'Syria's Economy and Accountability', Just Security
• SRC-106 Syria Indicator team, 'Investigation: How Marota City project left around 30,000 people homeless', Enab Baladi
• SRC-107 The Syria Report, 'Backlash Over Reconstruction Plan for Jobar and Qaboun'
• SRC-108 Walid Al Nofal, 'Reconstruction plan for eastern Damascus neighborhoods alarms residents', Syria Direct
• SRC-109 The Syria Report, 'Explained: How Law No. 23 of 2015 Authorises Property Seizure During Zoning'
• SRC-110 The Syria Report, 'Damascus Governorate Issues Detailed Zoning Plan for Jobar'
• SRC-111 The Syria Report, 'Damascus Moves Ahead with Zoning of its Northern Entrance'
• SRC-112 The Syria Report, 'Explained: Ministry of Endowments Properties'
• SRC-113 The Syria Report, 'Explained: Leasing Endowment Properties'
• SRC-114 The Syria Report, 'Ministry of Endowments Removes Some Endowment Rights from Properties'
• SRC-115 The Syria Report, 'Explained: The Destruction of Buildings Under the Rubble Removal Law'
• SRC-120 Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, 'International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law…
• SRC-127 Legislative Decree No. 66 of 2012 creating two regulatory zones within Damascus governorate, full text on The Syria Report's housing, land and…
• SRC-129 Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, 'Arab Opinion Index: Syria 2025', results announcement, with the Arab Center for Contemporary Syria…
• SRC-133 Syria Deeply / The New Humanitarian, 'In Homs, Assad Accused of Using Military for Urban Planning'
• SRC-137 Syrian Center for Policy Research, Public Budgeting in Transitional Syria
• SRC-140 Abdullah al-Jabassini and Joseph Daher, Anti-corruption efforts in Syria: security sector reform and economic governance, U4 Issue 2026:1, Chr…
• SRC-141 U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre, Syria's delicate balance: performative reform vs. systemic change, blog
• SRC-144 The Syria Report, Presidential Decree Number 117 of 2025: Appointment of Director General of the Syrian Development Fund
• SRC-148 SANA, Syria accelerates nationwide digital transformation across public institutions
• SRC-150 The Syria Report, In Focus: The Fate of the 54 Economic MoUs and Agreements Signed in 2026
• SRC-151 Karam Shaar Advisory, Syria's post-war economic architecture: centralization, funds, and reform
• SRC-152 The Syria Report, Presidential Decree Number 113 of 2025: Establishing Syria's Sovereign Fund
• SRC-155 Al Jazeera Net, interview with the head of the Central Organization for Financial Control, Syria, 9 July 2026
• SRC-159 Karam Shaar Advisory, Transparency of the Syrian Sovereign Fund: initial steps and many shortcomings, Syria in Figures issue 18, by Mulham Aljazmaty…
• SRC-160 The Syria Report, housing land and property service, Explained: Earthquake Resistance in Syria's Construction Code
• SRC-162 The Syria Report, housing land and property service, Explained: Issues with the Syrian Construction Code's Earthquakes Appendix
• SRC-164 Enab Baladi, Syria: a decree establishes the Development Fund for reconstruction, reporting Decree 112 of 2025
• SRC-166 The Syria Report, housing land and property service, In response to the earthquake disaster the Syrian Engineers Syndicate recommends amending the…
• SRC-171 Executive Order 14312 of 30 June 2025, Providing for the Revocation of Syria Sanctions, 90 FR 29395-29399, published 3 July 2025
• SRC-172 Notice of 30 September 2025, Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Situation in and in Relation to Syria, 90 FR 47967
• SRC-175 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Public Law 119-60, section 8369, Repeal of Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019, 139…
• SRC-177 United States Department of State, Syria Sanctions, programme page
• SRC-178 Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1098 of 27 May 2025 amending Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in…
• SRC-180 Council of the European Union, press release, Syria: Council renews restrictive measures targeting the former al-Assad regime for one year and…
• SRC-181 European Commission, Frequently Asked Questions, EU sanctions concerning Syria, November 2025 update
• SRC-182 The Syria (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, SI 2019/792, Part 3 (Finance), revised text as in force
• SRC-183 Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 of 18 January 2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria and repealing Regulation (EU)…
• SRC-184 The Syria (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) Regulations 2025, SI 2025/507, made 23 April 2025, in force 25 April 2025
• SRC-185 The Syria (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) Regulations 2026, SI 2026/436, made 20 April 2026, in force 22 April 2026
• SRC-186 SANA, Syria's Central Bank resumes SWIFT operations after 14-year halt, 21 November 2025
• SRC-187 Reuters, via Arab News, Syria completes first global SWIFT transfer since war, 19 June 2025
• SRC-188 Al-Monitor, Syria sends first Swift message to New York Fed, central bank governor says, November 2025
• SRC-189 SP Today, Bimera Completes Syria's First Visa-Mastercard Trial Payment in 15 Years, May 2026
• SRC-190 Barlaman Today, Syria Rejoins Visa, Mastercard Networks After 15-Year Financial Isolation, 11 May 2026
• SRC-191 World Bank, press release, Syria: World Bank Approves US$100 Million Grant for Financial Sector Modernization, 7 August 2026, project P517399
• SRC-192 Doing Business in Syria Investor Guide: Banking Sector, drafted April 2026, funded by the US Department of State, implemented by Creative Associates…
• SRC-193 AGBI, Economists issue warning on Syria's ailing banks, August 2026
• SRC-195 Council Decision (CFSP) 2026/1105 of 18 May 2026 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria…
• SRC-196 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1107 of 18 May 2026 implementing Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the…
• SRC-197 Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2026/1106 of 18 May 2026 implementing Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures in view of the…
• SRC-198 Karam Shaar Advisory, Initial Steps by Syria's Sovereign Fund Toward Transparency, but Much is Still Lacking, Syria in Figures issue 18, May 2026…
• SRC-200 SANA, Syria, Türkiye move to establish correspondent banking relations, 10 April 2026
• SRC-201 Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, Exception to Prohibition Imposed by Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act against the Commercial Bank of Syria…
• SRC-202 Basic Monetary Law, Law No. 23 of 2002, Syrian Arab Republic, Arabic, published by the Central Bank of Syria
• SRC-203 Law No. 28 of 2001 on the establishment of private banks, Syrian Arab Republic, Arabic, six pages, published by the Central Bank of Syria
• SRC-210 United States Department of State, Sanctions and Export Controls Relief for Syria, advisory, three pages
• SRC-211 Bureau of Industry and Security, Relaxing Export Controls for Syria, final rule, 90 FR, published 2 September 2025
• SRC-213 31 CFR 1010.653, Special measures against Commercial Bank of Syria, current text on the electronic Code of Federal Regulations
• SRC-215 House Document 119-168, Certification of Rescission of Syria's Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism, communication from the President…
• SRC-216 United States Department of State, Initiating Rescission Process of Syria's Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism, Office of the Spokesperson…
• SRC-217 SANA, For the first time since 2011: CBS restores financial ties with US Treasury, 10 March 2026; and Syria praises U.S. support for reactivating…
• SRC-218 The National, Syria hopes 'last milestone' for global financial reconnection is within reach, 21 April 2026
• SRC-219 SANA, Syria Central Bank, Bank of Canada agree on opening account following sanctions lift
• SRC-222 Office of Foreign Assets Control, General License No. 24, Authorizing Transactions with Governing Institutions in Syria and Certain Transactions…
• SRC-224 United States Department of State, Determination to Suspend the Imposition of Sanctions Pursuant to the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019…
• SRC-225 Qatar News Agency, Estithmar Holding Acquires 49% of Syria's Shahba Bank, Damascus, 26 April 2026, reporting the company statement published on the…
• SRC-226 Nadim Kawach, Syria aims to double number of banks to 30, AGBI, 11 November 2025, reporting comments by the Governor of the Central Bank of Syria to…
• SRC-227 Enab Baladi, Sharaa Appoints Safwat Raslan Central Bank Governor, 16 May 2026; and Reuters via Arab News, Syria appoints Safwat Raslan as central…
• SRC-230 Visa, Visa and Central Bank of Syria agree on strategic roadmap to build digital payments ecosystem and drive financial inclusion, Damascus, 4…
• SRC-231 Visa, Visa Advances Payments Modernization in Syria with Inaugural Conference and Central Bank Workshop, Damascus, 11 February 2026
• SRC-232 Mastercard, QNB and Mastercard expand payment services in Syria, newsroom press release, January 2026, read through the Zawya carriage
• SRC-234 Selma Mhaoud, Sana Sbouai, Ahmed Ashour and Ali Al Ibrahim, Captagon Drug Networks Adapt and Survive in Middle East After Assad's Fall, OCCRP with…
• SRC-235 SANA, 'Syria's Central Bank and Mastercard sign a deal to advance digital payments', 23 September 2025
• SRC-237 Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, Amendment to the Bank Secrecy Act Regulations - Imposition of Special Measure Against Commercial Bank of Syria…
• SRC-238 Pramod Kumar, Estithmar subsidiary buys 49% stake in Syria's Shahba Bank, AGBI, 6 May 2026
• SRC-243 Karam Shaar Advisory, Recapitalizing Private Banks: Urgency and Policy Options, Syria in Figures issue 17, March 2026
• SRC-248 Central Bank of Syria official Telegram channel, statement of the governor announcing the decision to establish a deposit guarantee institution, post…
• SRC-250 Just Security, Caesar Act Repeal and the Syria Sanctions Removal Report Card
• SRC-252 SANA, President al-Sharaa issues a decree appointing Mohammad Safwat Raslan governor of the Central Bank of Syria, Arabic and English editions
• SRC-254 Central Bank of Syria, legislation listing for the Presidency of the Republic and the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, page 1 of 2
• SRC-255 Central Bank of Syria, legislation listing, banking and monetary laws view, single page
• SRC-257 Enab Baladi, Syria's Central Bank Allows Banks to Work with Global Payment Companies
• SRC-259 Syria TV, 104 مليارات ليرة.. ارتفاع السرقات بحكومة النظام السوري في عام بنسبة 400 في المئة, 13 April 2023, Arabic
• SRC-266 United Nations in the Syrian Arab Republic, Common Country Analysis: Syria 2025, published 31 March 2026, the analytical foundation for the UN…
• SRC-277 Global Education Cluster, 'Rebuilding through education in Syria', educationcluster.net, 2026
• SRC-278 Welthungerhilfe with the Social Association for Relief and Development and the International Humanitarian Relief Association, Syria Joint…
• SRC-279 World Health Organization, HeRAMS northeast Syria baseline report 2024: Operational status of the health system, published 26 February 2025; and its…
• SRC-280 Karam Shaar Advisory, 'The Syrian Public Sector: Restructuring the State After Assad', Syria in Figures issue 11, published 28 August 2025
• SRC-283 World Health Organization, Public Health Situation Analysis (PHSA), Syrian Arab Republic, dated 23 July 2025, the second PHSA published on Syria by…
• SRC-285 World Health Organization Health Cluster, Syria Health Sector Bulletin, October 2025, 26 pages
• SRC-286 European Union Agency for Asylum, Syria Country Focus, section 3.7 Health care, published July 2025
• SRC-287 World Health Organization Health Cluster, Syria Health Sector Bulletin, January 2026, 26 pages, posted to ReliefWeb 1 April 2026
• SRC-288 World Health Organization Health Cluster, Syria Health Sector Bulletin, April 2026, 27 pages, posted to ReliefWeb 4 May 2026
• SRC-289 UN News, 'Syria's future under threat from acute funding shortages', story 1166267, published 4 November 2025
• SRC-290 European Commission DG ECHO, Humanitarian Implementation Plan (HIP), Syria Regional and Lebanon Crises, ECHO/SYR/BUD/2026/91000, Year 2026 Version 2…
• SRC-291 Janblat Shakai, 'The fate of the examinations of more than 13 thousand students in Syria's Sweida hangs in the unknown', Al-Quds Al-Arabi, Damascus…
• SRC-292 Enab Baladi, 'A new school year in Syria rises from the rubble', 16 September 2025
• SRC-293 Joint Education Needs Assessment (JENA) carried out in Syria in 2025, with support from the Global Education Cluster: reported by two documents…
• SRC-297 UNHCR Lebanon, 'Practices at Official Border Crossing Points', FAQs on return to Syria, help.unhcr.org, as at 20 August 2026
• SRC-301 Syrians for Truth and Justice, 'Syria: Curriculum Reform... An Ideological Unilateral Decision Lacking Legitimacy', published 15 May 2025
• SRC-302 Alicia Medina Segura, 'Public Sector Workers Reinstated Amid Government Policy Chaos', The Syria Report, 22 April 2025, standfirst only
• SRC-303 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), two reports on Presidential Decree No. 13 of 2026 on Kurdish language instruction: 'Education Ministry drafts…
• SRC-306 World Health Organization Health Cluster, Syria Health Sector Bulletin June 2026 Special Edition, Syria Humanitarian Fund standard allocation, 17…
• SRC-310 Kallstrom, A., Al-Abdulla, O., Parkki, J., Hakkinen, M., Juusola, H., and Kauhanen, J., 'I had to leave. I had to leave my clinic, my city, leave…
• SRC-311 Physicians for Human Rights, 'Destruction, Obstruction, and Inaction: The Makings of a Health Crisis in Northern Syria', December 2021
• SRC-312 Karam Shaar Advisory Ltd., 'Powering the Recovery: the Electricity Sector at a Crossroads', Syria in Figures, issue 9, July 2025
• SRC-317 Robin Mills, 'Syria's solar boom is redefining Middle East's energy model', The National, 6 July 2026, opinion
• SRC-318 Jihad Yazigi, 'Implementation of Renewable Energy Projects Lags, Off-Grid Solar Projects Increase', The Syria Report, 1 June 2026
• SRC-320 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of State for Environment Affairs with UNDP and the Global Environment Facility, General Report of Green House Gases…
• SRC-321 World Bank, 'Syria: World Bank US$146 Million Grant to Improve Electricity Supply and Support Sector Development', press release, Washington, 25 June…
• SRC-323 Karam Shaar Advisory Ltd., 'Syria's Gas Sector: Recovery Under Pressure', Syria in Figures, issue 10, July 2025
• SRC-324 Karam Shaar Advisory Ltd., 'Obstacles and Opportunities for Syria's Electricity Sector', Syria in Figures, issue 4, January 2025
• SRC-325 United States Embassy in Syria, Doing Business in Syria, Investor Guide: Electricity Sector, 16 pages, May 2026
• SRC-326 World Bank Data Catalog, 'Syria: Electricity Transmission Network', dataset 0039338, GeoJSON, compiled from Arab Union of Electricity data
• SRC-327 United Nations Development Programme, 'Japan and UNDP launch US$12.4 Million project to stabilise electricity supply at Jandar Power Plant in Syria'…
• SRC-328 United Nations Development Programme, 'UNDP signs US$10.7 Million agreement with Italy and Norway to boost electricity supply in Syria', press…
• SRC-331 Anadolu Agency, 'Turkiye completes natural gas pipeline to Aleppo, eyes exports to Syria by June', by Humeyra Ayaz, 23 May 2025, interview with…
• SRC-333 Nada Homsi and Khaled Yacoub Oweis, 'Anger as Syria raises electricity prices in major shift', The National, 5 November 2025
• SRC-336 Center for Analysis and Strategic Studies Syria (CA-SYR), 'Solar Energy in Northeast Syria: Structure, challenges, and sustainability', report
• SRC-337 The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 'Maintaining Momentum in Syria's Energy Sector', 19 August 2025
• SRC-338 Karam Shaar Advisory Ltd., 'Syria Gas Flows Again: Qatar Funds Post-Assad Energy Push', Syria in Figures
• SRC-340 Al Jazeera, 'Syria's al-Sharaa pledges commitment to climate goals at COP30', 7 November 2025
• SRC-341 Power International Holding, 'UCC Holding Signs 5,000 MW Power Concession Contracts in Syria', press release, Damascus, 6 November 2025
• SRC-342 Syrian Arab News Agency, 'Syria signs final agreements to build four power plants with 5,000-megawatt capacity', 6 November 2025, reporting a…
• SRC-343 Enerdata, 'Syria signs deals for 5 GW of new power generation projects', Daily Energy News, 10 November 2025
• SRC-344 UCC Holding, 'UCC Holding, a subsidiary of Power International Holding, leads consortium: Signs strategic agreements with Siemens Energy for Syria…
• SRC-345 REGlobal, 'Syria inks MoU and PPA for renewable energy projects', 7 October 2025
• SRC-346 Syrian Arab News Agency, 'Syria's energy Ministry signs 700 MW wind Deal', Damascus, 12 February 2026
• SRC-347 Enerdata, 'Marv Energy will build a 700 MW wind project in Syria', Daily Energy News, 17 February 2026, citing the Syrian Arab News Agency of 12…
• SRC-350 World Bank, Implementation Status and Results Report, Syria Electricity Emergency Project (P511407), Sequence 02, ISR08616, archived 21 July 2026, 7…
• SRC-358 Karam Shaar Advisory Ltd., 'Rethinking Subsidies in the Post-Assad Era', Syria in Figures, July 2025, labelled Issue 10
• SRC-361 Enab Baladi, 'Only 40% of Syria's Oil and Gas Wells Operating', 14 July 2026
• SRC-362 "[quotation withheld, 9 words; follow the citation]""Safety Card"" Name', 12 April 2026"
• SRC-363 Anadolu Agency, 'Syria, ACWA Power agree to explore 2.5 GW of solar and wind capacity', by Handan Kazanci, 3 September 2025
• SRC-364 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Electricity, 'Renewable Energy in Syria until the Year 2030', study document, 26 September 2021, 27 pages, as…
• SRC-366 Rukaia Alabadi, 'Solar Energy in Syria: How Renewable Energy Became a Tool for Corruption', Al-Jumhuriya, 14 March 2025, English translation by…
• SRC-370 United States, House Document 119-168, 119th Congress, 2d Session, 'Certification of Rescission of Syria's Designation as a State Sponsor of…
• SRC-374 Gulfsands Petroleum plc, Annual Report and Accounts 2025, audited accounts of a United Kingdom incorporated public energy company, operator interest…
• SRC-387 Aden Aw-Hassan, Fadel Rida, Roberto Telleria and Adriana Bruggeman, 'The impact of food and agricultural policies on groundwater use in Syria'…
• SRC-398 United States Department of State, Office of the Spokesperson, 'Rescission of Syria's Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism', press statement…
• SRC-401 United States Departments of Commerce, the Treasury and State, 'Sanctions and Export Controls Relief for Syria', tri-seal advisory, updated August…
• SRC-411 World Bank, press release, 'Syria's Arrears to the World Bank Group Cleared', 16 May 2025, with the Arabic edition of the same release
• SRC-412 DP World, corporate news releases on the Port of Tartus: 'DP World to develop Syria's Tartus port under landmark 30-year deal', 13 July 2025, and 'DP…
• SRC-413 CMA CGM Group, corporate news release, 'CMA CGM Group accelerates launching the second phase of Latakia Port Expansion Project in Syria', 20 August…
• SRC-414 Saudi Fund for Development, English news index walked in full, twelve pages, with two releases read whole: 'Saudi Arabia Provides Grant to Supply…
• SRC-419 United Nations Development Programme, transparency portal, Syria operating unit and the project records for 01005664 'GA 2025- Jandar Power Supply in…
• SRC-421 UK Export Finance, 'Cover policy and indicators', guidance page, Syria entry, published 28 April 2013 and last updated 12 August 2026
• SRC-422 Export-Import Bank of the United States, Country Limitation Schedule, effective 30 July 2026, Syria entry and notes 10 and 13
• SRC-425 Mine Action Area of Responsibility (Syria MA AoR), 'Syria Mine Action AoR Situation Update No.8 (March - July 2026)', 14 pages, posted and originally…
• SRC-426 Mine Action Area of Responsibility (Syria MA AoR), 'Syria Mine Action AoR Situation Update No.7 (December 2025 - March 2026)', ReliefWeb, originally…
• SRC-428 Human Rights Watch, World Report 2026, Syria chapter, covering events of 2025
• SRC-440 Zeinab Ismail, 'Sham Cash Under Scrutiny: A Forensic Analysis of Syria's New E-Wallet', SMEX, 17 April 2025
• SRC-441 Haid Haid, 'Sham Cash: The problem with Syria's new digital salary app', Al Majalla, last updated 12 May 2025
• SRC-443 Central Bank of Syria, The Structure of the Financial Sector: Banks, cat_id 1372, English and Arabic editions; and, separately, the Directory of…
• SRC-444 Central Bank of Syria, Licensing Services page, English edition
• SRC-456 Central Bank of Syria, Governor's decision No. 705/H, executive instructions for Presidential Decree No. 293 of 2025 on the replacement of the Syrian…
• SRC-457 World Bank, disbursement and financial information letter for Grant E488-SY, catalogued by the Bank's documents portal as 'Official Documents-…
• SRC-459 World Bank, Disclosable Version of the Implementation Status and Results Report, Syria Electricity Emergency Project P511407, Sequence No. 1, 2…
• SRC-460 Middle East Economic Survey, 12 June 2026, carrying the Kpler tanker-tracking transit volumes for Iraqi fuel oil moving through Syria
• SRC-473 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, general indexes for eighteen years, 2005 and 2008 to 2024, as served by The Syria Report's archive…
• SRC-479 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, part two: 25 Arabic part twos held for 2026, issues 5, 6, 9, 10 and 12 to 32, 6,887 pages, of…
• SRC-480 The Syria Report, English translations of the Syrian Official Gazette, 2026, PART TWO, SEVEN ISSUES: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 11, 1,269 pages in all
• SRC-483 Federal Republic of Germany, export credit guarantees portal (Hermesdeckungen), country information page for Syria (Länderinformation Syrien)
• SRC-484 EKN, Exportkreditnämnden, the Swedish Export Credits Guarantee Board, country page for Syria: country risk classification and EKN's risk assessment
• SRC-489 Islamic Development Bank, 'Islamic Development Bank's Board of Executive Directors Restores Syria's Membership', news release, 16 March 2025
• SRC-491 Central Bank of Syria, Treasury Bonds section, announcements of the results of government securities auctions, with fifteen attached result sheets
• SRC-492 Central Bank of Syria, statistics pages: balance of payments statistics, balance of payments indicators, international investment position…
• SRC-493 Central Bank of Syria, Statistical Bulletin (al-nashra al-ihsa'iyya), annual editions for 2011 and 2021
• SRC-495 Route audit: nine export credit agencies, whether any publishes a Syria cover position reachable from here. RETRIEVAL ATTEMPTED AND FAILED
• SRC-496 Route audit: the International Monetary Fund's balance of payments statistics for Syria. RETRIEVAL REFUSED
• SRC-497 Route audit: the credit rating agencies' sovereign lists, whether any rates Syria. RETRIEVAL ATTEMPTED AND FAILED
• SRC-501 Central Bank of Syria, the statistical indicator catalogue behind its balance of payments statistics pages
• SRC-504 Al Jazeera and The Associated Press, 'Kurdish-led SDF announces dissolution after merging with Syria's military', 25 August 2026
• SRC-506 Central Bank of Syria, legislation and regulations index (التشريعات والأنظمة), as at 18 August 2026
• SRC-511 UCC Holding, media index and the seven Syria releases: 29 May 2025 (memorandum of understanding on power generation), 6 August 2025 (Damascus…
• SRC-514 "ConocoPhillips, ""[quotation withheld, 8 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 15 words; follow the citation]"
• SRC-515 "ACWA Power, latest-news page, and ""[quotation withheld, 13 words; follow the citation]"", 7 September 2026"
• SRC-524 World Bank, 'Syria Emergency Water Security and Resilient Services Project (P515199), Project Information Document, Appraisal Stage', Report No…
• SRC-525 Syria NGO Forum, 'Building Back Together: NGOs as Partners in a Recovery that Leaves No One Behind', position paper, 10 May 2026, posted on ReliefWeb…
• SRC-526 Guy Jobbins, Mauricio Vazquez and Yue Cao, 'Beyond bricks and mortar: navigating Syria's path to a resilient recovery', ODI Global, expert comment, 6…
• SRC-528 United Nations Audiovisual Library, UNifeed, 'UNDP / Syria De Croo visit', 2 April 2026
• SRC-529 European Commission, 'EU coordinates international support for the recovery of Syria's economy and reconstruction process', 11 May 2026
• SRC-547 International Labour Organization, Rapid skills gap assessment of selected industrial sectors: Syria, Geneva, 2025, ISBN 9789220423516 (web PDF), DOI…
• SRC-548 European Training Foundation, Structures and mechanisms for information and needs forecast on training, qualification and employment: the observatory…
• SRC-549 "Mohamad Firas Wahbeh, ""[quotation withheld, 20 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 12 words; follow the citation]"
• SRC-550 B. Rasmussen, P. Sheehan, J. Symons, N. Maharaj, A. Welsh and M. Kumnick, Syria education and development investment case: economic, social and…
• SRC-551 Mariangels Fortuny and Jalal Al Husseini, Labour Market Policies and Institutions: a Synthesis Report. The cases of Algeria, Jordan, Morocco, Syria…
• SRC-553 International Labour Organization, Regional value chains for recovery: creating jobs and shared growth in Syria, Lebanon and Jordan: focus sectors…
• SRC-554 ILO Regional Office for Arab States, Impact of the February 2023 Earthquakes on Employment and the Labour Market in Syria: Technical Note, Beirut, 28…
• SRC-555 Mohammad Makki, Jeanne Mawad and Neli Lalkovska, Towards Sustainable Green Transition in Lebanon and Syria: Identifying Policy Gaps and Spotting…
• SRC-577 The Syria Report, 'Ministry of Endowments is Reappraising Endowment Properties and Raising Rents', Alicia Medina, 5 August 2025
• SRC-578 The Syria Report, 'وزارة الأوقاف ترفع إيجارات 34 ألف عقار وقفي', Jihad Yazigi, 11 November 2025, and the English 'Religious Endowments Ministry is…
• SRC-579 Syria TV, 'الوقف العثماني في سوريا.. كيف يعيد القانون رسم إرثٍ تاريخي بعد سقوط النظام؟', 16 April 2026
• SRC-585 Syria TV (تلفزيون سوريا), report of 13 September 2026 on the new fuel price bulletin, giving the previous bulletin's prices, Arabic
• SRC-601 "Enab Baladi, Omar Alaeddin, ""[quotation withheld, 8 words; follow the citation]"", 25 March 2025; Enab Baladi, ""[quotation withheld, 7 words…
• SRC-602 "CRU, BCInsight, ""[quotation withheld, 8 words; follow the citation]"", 22 January 2025"
• SRC-607 Protection Cluster (Syria), 'Emergency response to Housing Land and Property issues in Syria', briefing note, 30 January 2013, four pages, as carried…
• SRC-615 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Finance, Syria National Health Compact (the Syria Universal Health Coverage Compact)…
• SRC-620 Syrian Arab News Agency, 'سوريا توقّع مذكرتي تفاهم مع العراق وائتلاف شركات دولية لإحياء خط نقل النفط (كركوك–بانياس)', Washington dateline, 18 July…
• SRC-626 SANA, 'المركزي السوري يوقع اتفاقية لفتح حساب لدى البنك المركزي التركي', Arabic edition, Damascus, Wednesday 29 July 2026; and 'Central Bank of Syria…
• SRC-659 The Arab Encyclopedia (Syria), entry 14940, ICARDA
• SRC-660 The Green Climate Fund project for Syria in Arabic: Al Jazeera Net, 4 July 2026; SANA 2518545, 3 July 2026; Syria TV
• SRC-663 Al Jazeera Net, 23 September 2026, and Verify-Sy (Taakad), 23 September 2026, reporting the governor of the Central Bank of Syria's statement on his…
• SRC-671 United Nations system, Arabic pages read 24 September 2026: FAO's Arabic home page, UNICEF's Arabic home page, the un.org/ar property card for UNIDO…
• SRC-680 Gulfsands Petroleum plc, website posts 'Syria Field Visit July 2026' (20 July 2026) and 'SST Designation Rescinded' (31 August 2026)
• SRC-691 Syrian Legal Development Programme (SLDP), 'Marota City Is Not a Model for Syria's Reconstruction', blog post, 1 March 2026
• SRC-693 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2022 volume, general indexes of issues 1 to 48, both parts, with their supplements, as served by The…
• SRC-699 World Bank, Implementation Status and Results Report, Syria Health System Recovery and Strengthening Project (P513704), sequence 1, ISR08669…
• SRC-702 "[quotation withheld, 11 words; follow the citation]""national emergency""[quotation withheld, 30 words; follow the citation]"
• SRC-760 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 33, part one, dated 26 August 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by…
• SRC-761 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 33, part two, dated 27 August 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by…
• SRC-762 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 34, part one, dated 2 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served…
• SRC-763 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 34, part two, dated 3 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served…
• SRC-764 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 35, part one, dated 9 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served…
• SRC-765 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 35, part two, dated 10 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served…
• SRC-766 The Syria Report, online archive of the Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, listing of the 2026 issues as served on 28 September 2026 (72…
• SRC-707 Jeanne Shaheen, Ranking Member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee; Joe Wilson, Member of Congress; Elizabeth Warren, Ranking Member, Senate…
• SRC-776 Syrian Center for Policy Research, Confronting Fragmentation! Impact of Syria Crisis Report 2015, February 2016
• SRC-777 United Nations Development Programme, 'Syria Socio Economic Assessment', publications page (Arab States), dated 19 February 2025, Internet Archive…
• SRC-779 Notice of September 30, 2026, Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Situation in and in Relation to Syria, 91 FR 63131-63132, FR…
• SRC-780 Central Bank of Syria, official Telegram channel @SyCBOS, post 5614 (5 October 2026) and post 5615 with six image cards (6 October 2026), on the…
• SRC-781 Central Bank of Syria, official Telegram channel @SyCBOS, post 5641 with statement card (11 October 2026): first documentary credit in fourteen…
• SRC-787 Reuters, 'Syria's new Islamist rulers to roll back state with privatizations, public sector layoffs', by Riham Alkousaa, 31 January 2025
• SRC-794 World Bank, Syria Public Financial Management Capacity Strengthening Project (P512516), Project Information Document, Appraisal Stage, Report No…
• SRC-795 World Bank, Project Appraisal Document on a proposed grant in the amount of SDR 14.5 million (US$20 million equivalent) to the Syrian Arab Republic…
• SRC-796 World Bank, 'New $20 Million Grant to Enhance Public Financial Management for Syria's Recovery and Development', press release, Washington, 11 March…
• SRC-797 The Syria Report, housing land and property service, 'Engineers' Syndicate Recommends Amending Building Code after Earthquake', Rand Shamaa, 22…
• SRC-802 Al-Thawra (Damascus), 'الكودات الهندسية في سوريا.. المعايير موجودة والتحدي في التطبيق' (Engineering codes in Syria: the standards exist and the…
• SRC-810 Damascus Governorate, official Telegram channel, 26 June 2026: memorandum of understanding with the Joint Group for Contracting, Sarh Holding and…
• SRC-813 Syria TV (تلفزيون سوريا), 'ماروتا سيتي بين تعديلات المرسوم 66 ومطالب الأهالي.. حقوق عالقة وحلول غير مكتملة', 16 August 2026
• SRC-814 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36 (part one, the supplement to part one, part two), as served by The Syria Report's online…
• SRC-830 Central Bank of Syria, news item 'بعد توقف لأكثر من 15 عاماً.. حاكم مصرف سورية المركزي ينفذ أول عملية دفع إلكترونية دولية عبر بطاقة Mastercard'…
• SRC-870 The Syria Report, online archive of the Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, listing of the 2026 issues as served on 18 October 2026 (75…
• SRC-871 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, part one, dated 16 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served…
• SRC-872 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, supplement to part one, dated 16 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive…
• SRC-873 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, part two, dated 17 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served…
• SRC-875 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Operational Update, Syria, August 2026 (published 29 September 2026), UNHCR document 124284
• SRC-878 United Nations, UNifeed d3650695 and press release SC/16474: Security Council meeting on Syria, statement of Ibrahim Olabi, Permanent Representative…
• SRC-881 World Bank, Project Paper PPSI000002, Syria Financial Sector Modernization Project (P517399), 20 July 2026, disclosed 6 August 2026
• SRC-882 World Bank, Project Appraisal Document, Syria Emergency Water Security and Resilient Services Project (P515199), Report PADHI01413, 8 April 2026
• SRC-892 Georges Affaki and Nasser Wahbi, 'Investing in Post-Conflict Syria: Opportunities and Challenges', Affaki Insight No. 15, March 2026

ادّعاءات تسمّيه

• FISCAL-002 Syria's 2025 fiscal surplus reflects improved administration and revenue recovery
• IMF-001 Resumption of Article IV consultations with Syria is conditioned on data availability and quality
• CBSY-001 Mohammad Safwat Raslan is Governor of the Central Bank of Syria
• ENFORCE-001 No lender's remedy against Syria can be described
• FSIA-001 Syria is denied sovereign immunity and any reachable asset is exposed
• CARBON-001 Syria can earn $10–25m carbon revenue annually by 2030
• INTRO-003 The author's financing register holds 28 records touching Syria, of which 12 have had their stage verified against the document itself
• INTRO-004 Across all twenty-eight, as at 10 August 2026, no record carries a published figure for money disbursed to Syria
• CH1-012 No published Green Climate Fund document states a sum of readiness support disbursed to Syria, as at 10 August 2026
• INTRO-008 The first edition claimed that forty per cent of Syria's national budget disappeared through corruption each year, and no audit, assessment or study…
• CH2-002 Global Financial Integrity estimated illicit outflows from Syria over 2000 to 2009 at US$23.6 billion. Table 9 gives TWO figures: normalised…
• CH2-006 The Syrian pound of 2010 and the Syrian pound of 2022 are old Syrian pounds, the unit in use at both dates, which the Central Bank of Syria announced…
• CH1-013 Syria has not conducted a census of population and housing since 2004
• CH2-007 Al Jazeera of 24 December 2019 describes Rami Makhlouf as a man 'who reportedly controls up to 60 percent of Syria's economy', and Middle East Eye of…
• CH2-008 Syria carries an X in both the CED and the GER columns of Table 14 of the Global Financial Integrity study, headed 'Countries Dropped to Zero Due to…
• CH2-011 The Toll of War prints Syria's pre-conflict population as 20.7 million in 2010 sourced to World Development Indicators, and 20,720,602 in Table 2.5…
• CH2-012 The press release of 1 December 2011 reproduces, inside a block quotation of the blog post, a passage asking that countries make it harder 'for…
• CH3-008 USD 7.6 billion is the higher of two competing estimates of the LIMIT of Iran's credit line to Syria, not a verifiable civilian component of any claim
• CH3-009 Documents reported leaked from Iran's foreign ministry put Syria's debt to Iran at USD 50 billion over ten years, military and civilian, with…
• DEPOSIT-001 The Central Bank of Syria has decided to establish a deposit guarantee institution; no scheme is in operation and the establishment procedures are…
• GAZ-001 An online archive of the Syrian Official Gazette, run by The Syria Report, is browsable free and without a login by issue number, part and date; for…
• AN-001 The first edition of Rewriting the Rules stated, at its line 1011, that 'it is estimated that for every ten doctors trained in Syria, fewer than two…
• SOLAR-001 Off-grid solar capacity in Syria reached 2,060 MW in 2025, against 189 MW grid-connected
• SUPPLY-001 Syria's national grid supplies about two to four hours of electricity a day
• LOSS-001 Syria's electricity system loses about a third of what it generates
• FINANCE-001 Syria operated a state-backed interest-free household solar loan scheme from 2023, and it was suspended on 19 December 2024
• OILRES-001 Syria's proved oil reserves, on a liquids-aggregate definition that includes crude oil, lease condensate, natural gas liquids and oil sands, are…
• GASRES-001 Syria's proved natural gas reserves are published as 8,500 billion cubic feet, and the figure has been reprinted unchanged for at least five years
• PHOSRES-001 Syria holds 250,000 thousand metric tons of phosphate rock reserves, about 0.34 per cent of the world total, ranking fifteenth of the twenty-four…
• CODE-001 Syria's transmission and distribution network codes are defined by regulation, approved by the Ministry of Electricity, and binding on the…
• SST-002 The United States rescinded Syria's State Sponsor of Terrorism designation on 24 August 2026 and Syria was gone from the department's published list…
• REMIT-002 The World Bank and KNOMAD exclude Syria from their own 2023 remittance figures for the Middle East and North Africa, and give want of data as the…
• ECA-001 Two export credit agencies publish an explicit Syria position and both are no cover, while the OECD classifies Syria at category 7 and records it as…
• SHAM-001 An application called Sham Cash is the vehicle for all Syrian state salaries, is not recognised as a bank, and the funds do not pass through the…
• CH4-AOI-003 The Arab Opinion Index published 84 per cent for Syrians believing people classify themselves and others by sect or religion (the first three of four…
• DISB-001 At the financiers' own records, one route each, read on 11 September 2026: the World Bank's IDA Statement of Credits, Grants and Guarantees as at 31…
• FUEL-001 From 13 September 2026 the permanent pricing committee's temporary bulletin set diesel at 175 Syrian pounds a litre, benzine 95 at 195 and benzine 90…
• CH4-L33-002 The Director-General of Real Estate Affairs, Abdul Karim Idris, stated on 15 February 2026 that about 95 per cent of the land eligible for ownership…
• ECA-002 Rewriting the Rules (its line 1497) said UK Export Finance and Germany's Euler Hermes "can provide political risk insurance" against the risks of…
• OILRES-002 The Ministry of Energy's home page states Syria's crude oil reserves as 2.4 billion barrels, with no date, source or method
• GASRES-002 The Ministry of Energy's home page states Syria's natural gas reserves as 211 million cubic metres, as printed, with no date, source or method
• PHOSRES-002 The Ministry of Energy's home page states Syria's phosphate reserves as 1.7 to 1.8 billion tonnes, with no date, source or method
• OILPROD-004 The former Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources' archived news items on its plan follow-up meetings state the country's oil production for…
• TEACH-001 On the UNESCO Institute for Statistics' figures, Syria had 114,676 primary and 65,218 secondary teachers in 2002 and 144,621 and 54,596 in 2024…
• TEACH-002 Whether the Institute's 2002 and 2024 primary-teacher counts (and the trained share of them) measure the same population, given that Syria's…
• FISCAL-005 The World Bank's Macro Poverty Outlook puts Syria's overall fiscal balance at minus 7.7, minus 5.1 and plus 1.4 per cent of GDP for 2023, 2024 and…
• CH4-MAROTA-001 On Damascus Governorate's own account (statement of 5 May 2026 on its official channel), original owners' floor area in Marota City was to rise by…
• CH4-LATEST-001 [AMENDED 19 OCTOBER 2026 (CONSOLIDATED B-5, R-X-2), THE STRUCK WORDING QUOTED: 'The most recent evidence the chapter holds for the Homs Dream is…
• DISB-002 On the financiers' own records read on 18 October 2026: the Green Climate Fund records US$6,003,501 disbursed on SAP072 to ACTED, its accredited…
• HUM-001 Contributions reported to the OCHA Financial Tracking Service against the 2026 Syria humanitarian plan (plan 1518) were US$942,198,905 against…
• CARD-001 International card acceptance in Syria is dated three ways: a Central Bank decision of 4 May 2026 (the permission), trade reports of a connection, a…
• NDC-001 As at 18 October 2026 the UNFCCC NDC Registry's default view (active entries) shows 352 entries, the newest submitted on 15 October 2026, and one for…
• CBAM-VER-001 As at 18 October 2026, verifiers accredited for CBAM activity group I (cement clinker, cement) exist in Italy (three, by Accredia's decision of 28…
• CROSS-001 UNHCR's August 2026 operational update reports that between 2 March and 31 August 2026, 1,200,496 people (927,352 Syrians and 273,144 Lebanese)…

يرد معه

ذا سيريا ريبورت 40 مصرف سورية المركزي 26 دمشق 23 البنك الدولي 23 الجريدة الرسمية 18 كرم شعار 12

ما يرد في المصادر أو الادّعاءات نفسها، مع عدد ما يشتركان فيه.

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