Every claim the register tracks, as a card setting out what it says, what it measures and its limits, its source, when that was published and when the book read it, and its status. A figure without its label is how the numbers in this book went wrong.
Each square is one claim, coloured by its status; select one to go to its label.
A current NDC is a universal condition for climate-fund disbursement
- What is measured, and its limits
- NDC and national-plan alignment is an investment indicator, not stated universal legal gate
- Source
- Green Climate Fund investment framework
- Published · read
- Current page · 2026-08-08
- Used in
- Chapter 1
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
SAP072 proves a Syrian public institution can receive and account directly for GCF funds
- What is measured, and its limits
- ACTED is accredited entity and full fiduciary grant holder; MoLAE is co-executing entity
- Source
- SAP072 approved funding proposal
- Published · read
- 2026-07-23 · 2026-08-08
- Used in
- Chapter 1
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
First annual declaration for 2026 imports is due February 2027
- What is measured, and its limits
- Declaration and surrender due 30 September 2027; certificate sales begin February 2027
- Source
- European Commission CBAM Questions and Answers
- Published · read
- 2026-05-27 · 2026-08-08
- Used in
- Chapter 3
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
Every covered producer inherits origin-grid indirect emissions
- What is measured, and its limits
- Indirect emissions apply by sector and current scope, principally cement and fertilisers
- Source
- European Commission CBAM guidance
- Published · read
- Current · 2026-08-08
- Used in
- Chapter 3
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Economic collapse created decoupling and lower carbon intensity
- What is measured, and its limits
- Current emissions and output series are insufficient to calculate intensity
- Source
- No valid intensity series
- Published · read
- – · 2026-08-08
- Used in
- Chapter 8
nothing stands behind the claim yet, which is a bar on printing it as fact
GDP, revenue, expenditure and hydrocarbon share form one consistent fiscal picture
- What is measured, and its limits
- The figures are not reconcilable because they are not on one basis. 2025 outturn was USD 3.493bn revenue against USD 3.447bn expenditure. The 2026 budget projects USD 8.716bn revenue and USD 10.516bn expenditure. Nominal pound values…
- Source
- SCPR, Public Budgeting in Transitional Syria, Mehchy and Olabi; IMF PR 26/272
- Published · read
- 2026-04 and 2026-08-04 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 5, Chapter 9, Chapter 10, Chapter 11
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
Syria's 2025 fiscal surplus reflects improved administration and revenue recovery
- What is measured, and its limits
- SCPR estimates total subsidies turned to a net surplus of 1.4 per cent of GDP in 2024 and 12 per cent in 2025, with off-budget subsidies alone at 3.7 and 13.9 per cent, against on-budget subsidy spending of 2.3 and 2 per cent
- Source
- SCPR, Public Budgeting in Transitional Syria; IMF PR 26/272
- Published · read
- 2026-04 and 2026-08-04 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 5, Chapter 9, Chapter 10, Chapter 11
two comparable sources disagree, and neither has been superseded
Resumption of Article IV consultations with Syria is conditioned on data availability and quality
- What is measured, and its limits
- The authorities have requested resumption; the IMF states that progress in data availability and quality will facilitate it. Staff statement, expressly not an Executive Board view and not resulting in a Board discussion
- Source
- IMF PR 26/272, staff visit 19-23 July 2026
- Published · read
- 2026-08-04 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 3, Chapter 5
a primary document was opened and says this
Mohammad Safwat Raslan is Governor of the Central Bank of Syria
- What is measured, and its limits
- Office holder as at 4 August 2026. Safwat Raslan and Mohammad Safwat Raslan are the same person, previously recorded as director general of the Syrian Development Fund
- Source
- IMF PR 26/272 names Safwat Raslan as Governor; author confirms full name and that he succeeded Husrieh
- Published · read
- 2026-08-04 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 5, Chapter 6, Chapter 10
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Syrian electricity tariff Decision No. 687 of 30 October 2025 has a published signed text
- What is measured, and its limits
- THE SIGNED TEXT IS GAZETTED AND HAS BEEN READ. Decision No. 687 of 30 October 2025, Article 1, Fifth, item 8, sets the domestic tariff in TWO brackets: 600 Syrian pounds per kilowatt hour for consumption of 1 to 300 kWh per cycle and 1,400…
- Source
- Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, issue 41 part 1 of 2025, dated 21 November 2025, folios 313 to 314, at SRC-369; read at the rendered page 23…
- Published · read
- 2025-10-30 · 2026-08-23
- Used in
- Chapter 8
a primary document was opened and says this
More than half of the Hamidiyah souk is registered in the name of the religious endowment
- What is measured, and its limits
- The claim is the Ministry of Endowments' own statement about its holdings, reported by the agency. It covers the Hamidiyah souk and names Midhat Pasha, al-Bzouriyeh, al-Manakhliyeh and Bab Srijeh, plus Aleppo, Hama, Homs and Lattakia
- Source
- ANHA, hawarnews.com/ar/140245, 16 April 2026
- Published · read
- 2026-04-16 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 4
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
No lender's remedy against Syria can be described
- What is measured, and its limits
- Syria is an ICSID contracting state since 24 February 2006 and an unreserved party to the New York Convention since 7 June 1959. UNCTAD lists 45 bilateral investment treaties, 33 in force. Two investor-state awards against Syria are…
- Source
- ICSID/3 of 17 July 2026; UNCITRAL New York Convention status table; UN Treaty Collection; UNCTAD
- Published · read
- Current · 2026-08-09
- Used in
- Chapter 6, Chapter 10
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
No reconciled Syrian external debt baseline exists or is being produced
- What is measured, and its limits
- The IMF records progress on a debt sustainability analysis, notably the compilation of comprehensive debt data
- Source
- IMF PR 26/272
- Published · read
- 2026-08-04 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 5, Chapter 10
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
Sovereign sukuk are asset-backed by construction
- What is measured, and its limits
- Sovereign sukuk may be asset-based or asset-backed
- Source
- Primary standards and transaction structures required
- Published · read
- – · 2026-08-08
- Used in
- Chapter 10
it may be raised as a question and not settled as advice
Syria is denied sovereign immunity and any reachable asset is exposed
- What is measured, and its limits
- Terrorism jurisdiction exception and execution rules are distinct and conditional
- Source
- 28 U.S.C. §§1605A, 1610, 1611
- Published · read
- Current · 2026-08-25
- Used in
- Chapter 6
it may be raised as a question and not settled as advice
The appendix contains 199 unique failing figures
- What is measured, and its limits
- 199 category-coded rows with overlapping claims and occurrences
- Source
- Parsed appendix rows, editorial report appendix analysis
- Published · read
- 2026-08-08 · 2026-08-08
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 2, Chapter 12
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
Syria can earn $10–25m carbon revenue annually by 2030
- What is measured, and its limits
- Formula, project area, prices, Article 6 assumptions and sensitivities incomplete
- Source
- Author model not yet published in full
- Published · read
- 2026 · 2026-08-08
- Used in
- Chapter 8
the author's own calculation; the row carries the formula, assumptions, period and currency
Norway exclusion removal indicates ESG allocation to Syrian bonds
- What is measured, and its limits
- Removal makes holding legally permissible within the rule; it is not a purchase. AND THE INSTRUMENT NARROWS THE CLAIM FURTHER, read 17 August 2026: the bar sat in letter (c) of the mandate's exclusion paragraph, which is the SANCTIONS…
- Source
- Meld. St. 7 (2025–2026) section 2.3.4 (SRC-241); Mandat for forvaltningen av Statens pensjonsfond utland, forskrift 2010-11-08-1414 section 1-3 letter (c)…
- Published · read
- 2026 · 2026-08-17
- Used in
- Chapter 6, Chapter 10
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The World Bank October 2025 assessment states that it does not provide detailed disaggregation by sectors or individual asset types, that the estimate will need to be supplemented including at the…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Quoted verbatim from the report. Three separate statements, two in the limitations discussion and one in the education passage
- Source
- World Bank, Syria Physical Damage and Reconstruction Assessment 2011-2024
- Published · read
- 2025-10-21 · 2026-08-09
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 11
a primary document was opened and says this
No whole-of-Syria, sector-disaggregated damage and reconstruction costing covering the conflict period had been published after the October 2025 assessment, as at 9 August 2026
- What is measured, and its limits
- Bounded absence. Sectoral assessments do exist: a 14-city 11-sector estimate as at January 2022, the 2023 earthquake RDNA over six governorates, ESCWA shares to 2018 in 2010 prices, FAO agriculture to 2016. Each is bounded in geography…
- Source
- Retrieval digest of 9 August 2026, resting on the World Bank October 2025 assessment, the Syrian National Health Compact of 6 December 2025 and the World Bank…
- Published · read
- Various · 2026-08-09
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 11
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The author's financing register holds 28 records touching Syria, of which 12 have had their stage verified against the document itself
- What is measured, and its limits
- 28 rows as at 10 August 2026. 12 PRIMARY, 13 SECONDARY, 3 MIXED. Four aggregates, two of them parents of rows also held individually. One permission, one payment to a creditor, one lifted force majeure, one expired arrangement
- Source
- an internal working record
- Published · read
- 2026-08-10 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 1, Chapter 10
the author's own calculation; the row carries the formula, assumptions, period and currency
Across all twenty-eight, as at 10 August 2026, no record carries a published figure for money disbursed to Syria
- What is measured, and its limits
- An absence of publication across twenty-seven records and not a fact about the world. THE PUBLISHED FIGURE IS TR-001's: US$9.50 million disbursed of a grant revised to US$146.43 million, 6.49 per cent, at the report's table 7.2, with every…
- Source
- World Bank Implementation Status and Results Report, Syria Electricity Emergency Project, archived 21 July 2026 (SRC-350); World Bank Project Appraisal…
- Published · read
- 2026-08-10 · 2026-08-22
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 1, Chapter 10, Chapter 11
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
Of the twenty-eight records in the register, one carries a published figure for money disbursed and twenty-seven do not
- What is measured, and its limits
- An absence of publication across twenty-seven records and not a fact about the world. THE PUBLISHED FIGURE IS TR-001's: US$9.50 million disbursed of a grant revised to US$146.43 million, 6.49 per cent, at the report's table 7.2, with every…
- Source
- World Bank Implementation Status and Results Report, Syria Electricity Emergency Project, archived 21 July 2026 (SRC-350); World Bank Project Appraisal…
- Published · read
- 2026-08-10 · 2026-08-22
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 1, Chapter 10, Chapter 11
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Reconstruction is costed at US$216 billion in December 2024 US dollars, a conservative best estimate within a published range, and physical damage at US$108 billion. The two measure different things
- What is measured, and its limits
- Reconstruction cost is rebuilding to current standards including build back better, debris removal, demolition, site preparation, regulatory compliance and security costs, excluding service restoration. Uplift 2.1 to 2.3 times pre-conflict…
- Source
- World Bank, Syria Physical Damage and Reconstruction Assessment 2011-2024
- Published · read
- 2025-08 · 2026-08-09
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 1, Chapter 11
a primary document was opened and says this
Morten Jerven's Poor Numbers established direct contact with statisticians or stakeholders in 23 of the 48 countries of sub-Saharan Africa, by unstructured interview in seven of them from 2007 to…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Direct contact established with statisticians and/or stakeholders in 23 of 48 sub-Saharan countries, by unstructured interview in seven and survey of national income accountants in the rest. Ghana rebased to a 2006 reference year in 2010…
- Source
- Morten Jerven, Poor Numbers, Cornell University Press, 2013
- Published · read
- 2013 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 2
a primary document was opened and says this
"[quotation withheld, 67 words; follow the citation]""At Least""[quotation withheld, 56 words; follow the citation]"
- What is measured, and its limits
- Different measures. OHCHR counts civilians for a closed period with a credible interval and a documented and estimated split. SNHR counts deaths documented by name. SOHR publishes a third basis at 503,064 documented by name within 613,407…
- Source
- OHCHR, A/HRC/50/68, 28 June 2022 (SRC-026, opened); SNHR fourteenth anniversary report, 18 March 2025 (SRC-031, read by page rendering at 150 dpi on 10 August…
- Published · read
- OHCHR 2022, SNHR to March 2025 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 1
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Correcting scope makes the Development Programme and the World Bank converge, so that on the quantity they both measure the United Nations and the Bank agree
- What is measured, and its limits
- The claim compared UNDP's US$123.3 billion of destroyed capital with the Bank's US$108 billion of direct damage and found them within about 14 per cent. The arithmetic is right and the inference is not
- Source
- UNDP, The Impact of the Conflict in Syria, 24 February 2025, annexe I-2
- Published · read
- 2025-02-24 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 1
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
The Development Programme's US$799.4 billion is foregone output, being a modelled counterfactual at constant 2010 prices against an assumed 5 per cent annual growth path to end 2024
- What is measured, and its limits
- Cumulative difference between actual and potential real GDP, 2011 to 2024, at constant 2010 prices, on an assumption of steady 5 per cent annual growth in the absence of conflict. The report's main text rounds it to approximately US$800…
- Source
- UNDP, The Impact of the Conflict in Syria, 19 February 2025, annexe I-2
- Published · read
- 2025-02-19 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 1
a primary document was opened and says this
The Development Programme's US$123.3 billion of destroyed physical capital aggregates three components on three different price bases, three different periods and three different methods, one of…
- What is measured, and its limits
- ESCWA US$117.7 billion, 2011 to 2018, constant 2010 prices. World Bank GRADE US$5.1 billion, the February 2023 earthquake, unit costs as of September 2022 at about 80 per cent of Turkish unit costs, explicitly excluding Syrian pound…
- Source
- UNDP annexe I-2, with its two named sources opened: ESCWA Syria at War Eight Years On 2020, and World Bank Syria GRADE 2023
- Published · read
- 2020, 2023 and 2025 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 1
a primary document was opened and says this
WITHDRAWN AND REVERSED. I claimed that correcting for price basis moves the United Nations and World Bank capital figures further apart. It moves them closer, and the World Bank had already done the…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Table 10 restates every previous study to December 2024 values, by footnote 5 using CPI and exchange-rate adjustments. UNDP 2025 physical damage goes from 123 in 2010 constant prices to 117 adjusted. UNESCWA 2020 goes from 118 to 112. The…
- Source
- World Bank assessment, Annex 2, Review of Previous Assessments, Table 10, printed page 49
- Published · read
- 2026-08-10 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 1
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
Whether the World Bank's 2011 to 2024 conflict damage assessment includes or excludes the February 2023 earthquake damage is not established by this project
- What is measured, and its limits
- Resolved. Table 10 labels the UNDP 2025 row timeframe as 2011-2024 including earthquake, and labels no other row that way, which is the Bank distinguishing its own conflict-attributed scope from a total that carries the earthquake. The…
- Source
- World Bank assessment, Annex 2 Table 10 and the methodology note at printed page 18
- Published · read
- – · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 1
a primary document was opened and says this
The World Bank's own annex compares its estimate against ten previous studies restated to a common price basis, and reports that its US$108 billion aligns well with them
- What is measured, and its limits
- Table 10 gives each study its timeframe of damage assessed, its constant price year, and both the original and the December 2024 inflation-adjusted figures. Adjusted physical damage runs from 49 for SCPR 2015 to 190 for Seifan in Mroue and…
- Source
- World Bank assessment, Annex 2, Review of Previous Assessments, printed pages 48 and 49
- Published · read
- 2025-10-21 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 1
a primary document was opened and says this
The US$250 billion figure has two candidate origins and the manuscript asserts only one of them
- What is measured, and its limits
- The manuscript states the US$250 billion at the low end of the ILO range is the same quantity measured by the Syrian Centre for Policy Research in 2015. The Bank's annex instead records that in November 2017 the UN Special Envoy Staffan de…
- Source
- World Bank assessment Annex 2 printed page 49, against source manuscript line 157
- Published · read
- 2025-10-21 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 1
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
The US$216 billion is net of reconstruction already completed, because the model credits an estimated already-rebuilt share of damage in each governorate
- What is measured, and its limits
- Estimated reconstructed portion of damage by governorate: Raqqa 37.5 per cent, Tartous 27.5 per cent, Aleppo 17.5 per cent, Rif Dimashq 15.0 per cent, Damascus 12.5 per cent, Dar'a 11.0 per cent, Deir-ez-Zor 7.5 per cent, Idleb 6.0 per…
- Source
- World Bank assessment, Table 9, Approximate Share of Damaged Asset Value Already Reconstructed by December 31 2024, printed page 46
- Published · read
- 2025-10-21 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 1
a primary document was opened and says this
SUPERSEDED 12 August 2026. This row stated that the March 2025 European Parliamentary Research Service briefing cites no source for either end of its range. The briefing prints no footnote and no…
- What is measured, and its limits
- PRICE BASIS CORRECTED 12 August 2026: this cell asserted the UNDP US$923 billion is in constant 2010 prices. It is not. The UNDP total is the sum of US$799.4 billion of foregone output, which the report does give at constant 2010 prices…
- Source
- EPRS At a Glance PE 769.518, March 2025, read against UNDP 24 February 2025 and the ILO factsheet of October 2025
- Published · read
- 2025-03 · 2026-08-12
- Used in
- Chapter 1
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
The apparent fall in reported sustainable investment assets from about US$30 trillion to US$16.7 trillion is a change of measurement scope, not a contraction; on the consistent basis the measured…
- What is measured, and its limits
- GSIR 2022 covered 58 per cent of the investable market on self-disclosed surveys of asset managers and asset owners including segregated mandates. GSIR 2024 covers 30 per cent on Morningstar's reading of legal fund disclosures, collective…
- Source
- Global Sustainable Investment Alliance, Global Sustainable Investment Review 2024, and Morningstar Q1 2026 flows
- Published · read
- 2025-11-11 and 2026-04 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 1
a primary document was opened and says this
UNHCR's May 2026 operational update gives 5,542,227 internally displaced, 1,917,862 IDP returnees and 1,667,078 returnees from countries of asylum, and footnotes the first to OCHA in August 2025
- What is measured, and its limits
- Panel figures as at 31 May 2026. The internally displaced figure carries a single asterisk marked Source, OCHA, August 2025, so it is a nine-month-old baseline carried forward. The returnee figures carry UNHCR and joint OCHA-UNHCR…
- Source
- UNHCR Operational Update, Syria, May 2026
- Published · read
- 2026-05-31 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Chapter 1
a primary document was opened and says this
No published Green Climate Fund document states a sum of readiness support disbursed to Syria, as at 10 August 2026
- What is measured, and its limits
- All four documents searched in full for past-tense disbursement language on 10 August 2026: has been disbursed, were disbursed, was disbursed, disbursed to date, amount disbursed, total disbursed, disbursements made. No occurrence. The…
- Source
- Four GCF documents: the FAO, UNIDO and CTCN, and UNICEF readiness proposals, and the Syria country programme of August 2023
- Published · read
- 2023 to 2026 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 1, Chapter 10, Chapter 11
a primary document was opened and says this
The first edition claimed that forty per cent of Syria's national budget disappeared through corruption each year, and no audit, assessment or study behind it could be found
- What is measured, and its limits
- The published book states: Here is a number that tells you everything about Syria's pre-2024 governance: 40%. That is the estimated portion of the national budget that disappeared through corruption each year. Not inefficiency. Not waste…
- Source
- Rewriting the Rules first edition (SRC-030) for the claim; the absence rests on searches recorded in the project working papers
- Published · read
- 2025-10-21 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 2, Chapter 5
a primary document was opened and says this
Rami Makhlouf controlled 60 per cent of the Syrian economy on the eve of the uprising. The chapter prints NO share and traces the claim to an article that does not contain one.
- What is measured, and its limits
- Share of a national economy controlled by one individual, Syria, 2010 to early 2011. No unit, base or method is given by any source that carries it.
- Source
- SRC-034 Peel and Fielding-Smith, Financial Times, 27 April 2011; SRC-043 Makki, Middle East Institute, 6 May 2020; SRC-042 Shaar, 6 May 2020; SRC-048 Hamidi…
- Published · read
- 2011-04-27 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- No chapter named
nothing stands behind the claim yet, which is a bar on printing it as fact
Global Financial Integrity estimated illicit outflows from Syria over 2000 to 2009 at US$23.6 billion. Table 9 gives TWO figures: normalised conservative US$15,288 million and non-normalised high-end…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Cumulative illicit financial outflows, Syria, 2000 to 2009, in CURRENT US dollars summed across ten years, from the World Bank Residual model on change in external debt and the Gross Excluding Reversals trade mispricing model. THE BASIS IS…
- Source
- SRC-037 Kar and Freitas, Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries Over the Decade Ending 2009, December 2011, Table 9; SRC-041 the same organisation's…
- Published · read
- 2011-12 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- No chapter named
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Syrian gross domestic product per capita in 2010, circulating as about US$2,800 to US$2,890 and attributed to the International Monetary Fund. No Fund publication carrying it has been found.
- What is measured, and its limits
- Gross domestic product per head, Syria, calendar year 2010, US dollars. The two Bank figures rest on the same US$60 billion output total and differ in their population denominators: 20.7 million from World Development Indicators against 21…
- Source
- SRC-038 World Bank, The Toll of War, 10 July 2017, US$2,949 at current prices; SRC-040 Devadas, Elbadawi and Loayza, Growth in Syria, March 2021, US$2,857
- Published · read
- 2017-07-10 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- No chapter named
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
In August 2010 the Syrian government announced that official corruption over the preceding nineteen months amounted to five billion old Syrian pounds, about US$104 million.
- What is measured, and its limits
- Volume of official corruption as announced by the Syrian government, nineteen months to August 2010, old Syrian pounds with a US dollar conversion at about 48.1 to the dollar. AUTHOR ARITHMETIC, added v8: 5 divided by 754 is 0.66 per cent…
- Source
- SRC-035 United States State Department country report on Syria for calendar year 2010, section on official corruption and government transparency; SRC-046 and…
- Published · read
- – · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- No chapter named
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Over 104 billion old Syrian pounds, equivalent to US$13.7 million, were discovered in corruption cases in the Syrian financial year 2022, of which seven billion were recovered.
- What is measured, and its limits
- Corruption discovered in Syrian government departments and ministries, financial year 2022, old Syrian pounds. The article's three dollar conversions imply between about 7,400 and 7,600 pounds to the dollar, which is AUTHOR ARITHMETIC on…
- Source
- SRC-036 Syria TV via The Syrian Observer, 14 April 2023, reporting the Central Organization for Financial Control
- Published · read
- 2023-04-14 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- No chapter named
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Syrian pound of 2010 and the Syrian pound of 2022 are old Syrian pounds, the unit in use at both dates, which the Central Bank of Syria announced on 28 December 2025 it would replace by removing…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Currency unit identity for Syrian pound figures dated 2010 and 2022, against the redenomination announced in December 2025.
- Source
- SRC-044 Syrian Arab News Agency, 28 December 2025, reporting the Central Bank of Syria; SRC-039 the executive instructions and decree, not held; AND THE…
- Published · read
- 2025-12-28 · 2026-08-10
- Used in
- No chapter named
a primary document was opened and says this
Syria has not conducted a census of population and housing since 2004
- What is measured, and its limits
- The assessment's own words at printed page 44: 'the last Syria census of population and housing in 2004 (3.37 million housing units with average floor area of 109 m2)'. Its Annex 7 lists its own demographic base as 'Population from Census…
- Source
- World Bank, Syria Physical Damage and Reconstruction Assessment 2011-2024
- Published · read
- 2025-08 · 2026-08-12
- Used in
- Chapter 1
a primary document was opened and says this
The World Bank assessment publishes no split of value by ownership, and carries no ownership or tenure data at all
- What is measured, and its limits
- Full-text search of the assessment on 12 August 2026 for ownership, tenure, rented, rental, owner-occupied, state-owned and publicly held: zero occurrences of each. The only survivors are 'private sector' in a 2011 unit-cost sentence and…
- Source
- World Bank, Syria Physical Damage and Reconstruction Assessment 2011-2024
- Published · read
- 2025-08 · 2026-08-12
- Used in
- Chapter 1
a primary document was opened and says this
On 14 January 2020 the World Bank APPROVED an additional credit of US$200 million to the Government of Nepal for its Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Project, and the AGREEMENT WAS SIGNED on 6…
- What is measured, and its limits
- One additional-financing tranche of one country programme, stated prospectively by the publisher: 'will scale up ... by financing reconstruction of an additional 86,680 houses'. It refutes the existence limb of a claim this book withdrew…
- Source
- World Bank press release, 6 February 2020, SRC-067
- Published · read
- 2020-02-06 · 2026-08-12
- Used in
- Chapter 1
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Al Jazeera of 24 December 2019 describes Rami Makhlouf as a man 'who reportedly controls up to 60 percent of Syria's economy', and Middle East Eye of 19 May 2020 prints 'He is often said to have…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Verbatim wording of two named articles, read in full on 12 August 2026. The claim is about what the two outlets print, not about Makhlouf's share
- Source
- SRC-061; SRC-062
- Published · read
- 2019-12-24; 2020-05-19 · 2026-08-12
- Used in
- No chapter named
a primary document was opened and says this
Syria carries an X in both the CED and the GER columns of Table 14 of the Global Financial Integrity study, headed 'Countries Dropped to Zero Due to Normalization', whose caption states that an X…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Table 14 and its caption, read at the document on 12 August 2026. The claim is about which components were zeroed for Syria in some or all years, NOT that the whole Syrian series was zeroed: Table 9 gives Syria a normalised cumulative of…
- Source
- SRC-037
- Published · read
- 2011-12 · 2026-08-12
- Used in
- No chapter named
a primary document was opened and says this
The Global Financial Integrity study's first normalisation filter excludes countries showing the wrong signs 'in a majority of the nine-year period', its own worked example running 'during…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Paragraph 25 of the study, quoted verbatim. A nine-year test applied to a ten-year series
- Source
- SRC-037
- Published · read
- 2011-12 · 2026-08-12
- Used in
- No chapter named
a primary document was opened and says this
The World Bank assessment restates the Development Programme's US$123.3 billion of destroyed physical capital to December 2024 values as US$117 billion, against the Bank's own US$108 billion of…
- What is measured, and its limits
- US dollars at December 2024 values. Restatement performed by the Bank in its review of previous assessments, using consumer price and exchange-rate adjustments. THE ROUNDING IS THE BANK'S: its table carries the inputs already rounded, and…
- Source
- SRC-057
- Published · read
- 2025-08 · 2026-08-12
- Used in
- No chapter named
a primary document was opened and says this
The Toll of War prints Syria's pre-conflict population as 20.7 million in 2010 sourced to World Development Indicators, and 20,720,602 in Table 2.5, and prints 2010 total output 'in nominal terms' as…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Author arithmetic on figures printed in one document. 60,000/20,720.602 = 2,896; 60,000/20,700 = 2,899; 2,949 x 20,720,602 = about US$61.1 billion. NOT AN ERROR CLAIM AGAINST THE REPORT: the chapter says only that one figure can be rebuilt…
- Source
- SRC-038; SRC-040
- Published · read
- 2017-07-10 · 2026-08-12
- Used in
- No chapter named
the author's own calculation; the row carries the formula, assumptions, period and currency
The press release of 1 December 2011 reproduces, inside a block quotation of the blog post, a passage asking that countries make it harder 'for corrupt public officials like al-Asad to smuggle stolen…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Read off a clean live capture of the publisher's page obtained on 12 August 2026, replacing a held capture clipped at the right margin through and past the block quotation. Scope of the absence in the study: Syria occurs thirteen times…
- Source
- SRC-041; SRC-037
- Published · read
- 2011-12-01 · 2026-08-12
- Used in
- No chapter named
a primary document was opened and says this
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-090
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-090
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-091; SRC-094
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-094
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-071
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-092
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-093
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-097
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-097
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-097; SRC-096
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-098
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-099
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-099
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
VOID ROW
- What is measured, and its limits
- VOID, 17 August 2026, D-070. This row carried a Status against an empty claim and a Measure_and_scope reading 'See Notes' against a register that has no Notes column. What claim the ID stood for is not recoverable: the only artefact that…
- Source
- SRC-104
- Published · read
- – · –
- Used in
- No chapter named
USD 7.6 billion is the higher of two competing estimates of the LIMIT of Iran's credit line to Syria, not a verifiable civilian component of any claim
- What is measured, and its limits
- Limit of a credit line, USD, as at 2019, on the article's own words opened and read 17 August 2026: 'As of 2019, Reuters estimated it at $4.5 billion, while others put the figure at $7.6 billion.' The same article records Iranian oil…
- Source
- SRC-090
- Published · read
- 2020-02-10 · 2026-08-17
- Used in
- Chapter 3, Chapter 5, Chapter 10, Chapter 11
a primary document was opened and says this
Documents reported leaked from Iran's foreign ministry put Syria's debt to Iran at USD 50 billion over ten years, military and civilian, with agreements covering USD 18 billion of it
- What is measured, and its limits
- An assertion carried by a leak report, not an estimate of a quantity. Opened and read 17 August 2026: Syria 'owes Iran $50 billion in funds spent to support the regime ... over the past ten years in the forms of both military and civilian…
- Source
- SRC-094
- Published · read
- 2023-08-11 · 2026-08-17
- Used in
- Chapter 3, Chapter 5, Chapter 10, Chapter 11
two comparable sources disagree, and neither has been superseded
Pinheiro Principle 21.1 provides three alternative gateways to compensation in lieu of restitution, and knowing consent is one of them rather than a requirement
- What is measured, and its limits
- Opened and read 17 August 2026 at the compensation passage: compensation 'should only be used when restitution is not factually possible or when the injured party knowingly and voluntarily accepts compensation in lieu of restitution, or…
- Source
- SRC-098
- Published · read
- 2007 · 2026-08-17
- Used in
- Chapter 4
a primary document was opened and says this
Decrees 112 and 113 of 2025 specify different transparency machinery on the same day, on the same authority: 112 requires audit by neutral accounting firms and publication in the Official Gazette…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Decree 112 opened and read at the Arabic 17 August 2026. Article 4(b): ضمان الشفافية من خلال آليات رقابية مالية قوية عن طريق شركات حسابية حيادية لتدقيق المراجعات المالية الدورية للصندوق. Article 15: يُنشر هذا المرسوم في الجريدة الرسمية…
- Source
- SRC-165; SRC-153
- Published · read
- 2025-06-24 · 2026-08-17
- Used in
- Chapter 5, Chapter 10, Chapter 11
a primary document was opened and says this
A state assessment of why buildings collapsed in the 6 February 2023 earthquake was carried out by five-member committees in four governorates. What this book holds is a specialist outlet's account…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Opened and read in full at the Arabic 17 August 2026. The committees were formed by the then Prime Minister in Aleppo, Latakia, Idlib and Hama, each of five members drawn from the General Company for Engineering Studies, the Directorate of…
- Source
- SRC-166; the English edition of SRC-166 and Al-Thawra of 7 May 2023 (new source rows of unit 05)
- Published · read
- 2023-11-22 · 2026-08-17
- Used in
- Chapter 5
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Non-Syrian ownership of a Syrian private bank is capped at 49 per cent, raisable to 60 per cent by a Council of Ministers decision on the Credit and Monetary Council's proposal where the largest…
- What is measured, and its limits
- The ceiling is on NON-SYRIAN ownership and is separate from the aggregate cap on ALL LEGAL PERSONS, Syrian, Arab or foreign, which Article 1 of the same law sets at 60 per cent and extends to 75 only for the public banking and financial…
- Source
- Law No. 3 of 2010, Article 3, amending Article 9(c) of Law No. 28 of 2001 (SRC-245)
- Published · read
- 2010 · 2026-08-18
- Used in
- Chapter 6
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Central Bank of Syria has decided to establish a deposit guarantee institution; no scheme is in operation and the establishment procedures are not complete
- What is measured, and its limits
- THE STAGE IS A DECISION TO ESTABLISH AND NOTHING ABOVE IT. The statement itself places the completion of the establishment procedures ahead rather than behind. No coverage limit, no funding source, no commencement date and no instrument is…
- Source
- Central Bank of Syria official Telegram channel, governor's statement of 22 August 2025, post SyCBOS/3915 (SRC-248)
- Published · read
- 2025-08-22 · 2026-08-18
- Used in
- Chapter 6
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant, puts the Syrian Arab Republic at 25,620,427 on 1 July 2025 and 26,472,497 on 1 July 2026, and at 25,170,891 and 26,069,962 on 1 January of those two…
- What is measured, and its limits
- De facto resident population of the Syrian Arab Republic, in persons, medium variant of the 2024 revision, at the four dates stated. A PROJECTION AND NOT AN ENUMERATION: Syria's last census of population and housing was 2004 at CH1-013, so…
- Source
- SRC-256, the Population Division's own CSV of demographic indicators, read 18 August 2026. SRC-055 and SRC-056 are accounts of the same file; SRC-260 is the…
- Published · read
- 2024 · 2026-08-18
- Used in
- Chapter 1
a primary document was opened and says this
An online archive of the Syrian Official Gazette, run by The Syria Report, is browsable free and without a login by issue number, part and date; for the years whose contents it has transcribed it…
- What is measured, and its limits
- THE GAZETTE IS ISSUED WEEKLY BY THE SYRIAN GOVERNMENT AND THE ARCHIVE IS THE SYRIA REPORT'S, a private specialist service, at odd.syria-report.com/official-documents/, which describes the collection as the Official Gazette issued by the…
- Source
- SRC-194, the archive read on 17 and 18 August 2026; SRC-046, moved from TO_OBTAIN to READ on 18 August 2026; SRC-262, the issue file obtained and read at the…
- Published · read
- – · 2026-08-18
- Used in
- Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 4, Chapter 6, Chapter 7
a primary document was opened and says this
Article 1 of Law No. 37 of 2009 sets the appropriations of the Syrian general budget for the financial year 2010 at 754 billion Syrian pounds, and Article 2 estimates the revenues of the same budget…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Appropriations and estimated revenues of the general budget of the state, Syrian Arab Republic, financial year 2010, in Syrian pounds of 2009-10 and not adjusted. AN APPROPRIATION IS NOT AN OUTTURN: the law is what was voted, and nothing…
- Source
- SRC-262, the Official Gazette part one, repeat of issue 1 of 2010, 6 January 2010, page read as a rendered image on 18 August 2026
- Published · read
- 2010-01-06 · 2026-08-18
- Used in
- Chapter 2
a primary document was opened and says this
The first edition of Rewriting the Rules stated, at its line 1011, that 'it is estimated that for every ten doctors trained in Syria, fewer than two remain'. It named no source at the line, and no…
- What is measured, and its limits
- THE SCOPE OF THE ABSENCE, AND IT IS THE POINT OF THIS ROW. Searched on 20 August 2026: (1) the first edition itself, for any attribution at or near line 1011, and for any health-workforce percentage anywhere, using '70 per cent', '70%'…
- Source
- The published first edition at its line 1011 for the quotation; SRC-310 and SRC-311 for the two candidate sources, both opened and both negative
- Published · read
- 2025-10-21 · 2026-08-20
- Used in
- Introduction
a primary document was opened and says this
Chapter 5's reading of the 2013 earthquake appendix: that section 3-4-1 requires every site to be classified into a soil profile model on documented geological data, that section 3-4-2 defines the…
- What is measured, and its limits
- WHAT A SPECIALIST IS BEING ASKED TO CHECK, stated so the question is answerable rather than open-ended: (1) that sections 3-4-1, 3-4-2 and 9-2-7 say what the chapter reports; (2) that 9-2-7 is correctly characterised as a route past 3-4-1…
- Source
- SRC-167, the 2013 earthquake appendix, Syrian Engineers Syndicate, Arabic, read at the Arabic; SRC-168, the 2012 reinforced concrete code, Arabic; SRC-162, the…
- Published · read
- 2013 (SRC-167) · 2026-08-17 (SRC-167, supplied by the…
- Used in
- Chapter 5
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
it may be raised as a question and not settled as advice
Off-grid solar capacity in Syria reached 2,060 MW in 2025, against 189 MW grid-connected
- What is measured, and its limits
- Installed off-grid solar photovoltaic capacity in megawatts at end-year, Syrian Arab Republic; series begins 2022 and has no earlier value in either edition; the 189 MW on-grid figure is total solar 2,249 minus off-grid 2,060 and is an…
- Source
- IRENA, Renewable Capacity Statistics 2026, printed pages 23, 43 and 47, read at the rendered page (SRC-314); prior edition SRC-315; The National (SRC-317); The…
- Published · read
- 2026-03-31 · 2026-08-22
- Used in
- Chapter 8
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Syria's national grid supplies about two to four hours of electricity a day
- What is measured, and its limits
- Average daily hours of grid-supplied electricity, national, as at the appraisal of June 2025. The Bank's form is that available fuel supply 'is barely sufficient to run the system at 1800 MW; providing two to four hours of electricity per…
- Source
- World Bank, Project Appraisal Document, Syria Electricity Emergency Project, 9 June 2025 (SRC-351); World Bank press release, 25 June 2025 (SRC-321); Karam…
- Published · read
- 2025-06-09 · 2026-08-22
- Used in
- Chapter 8
a primary document was opened and says this
Syria's electricity system loses about a third of what it generates
- What is measured, and its limits
- Total system losses as a percentage of generation. The World Bank decomposes it: more than 6 per cent in transmission, 22 per cent in distribution of which almost half is technical, and 33 per cent in total once power plant losses are…
- Source
- World Bank, Project Appraisal Document, 9 June 2025 (SRC-351); Central Bureau of Statistics via Karam Shaar Advisory issue 4 (SRC-324); United States Embassy…
- Published · read
- 2025-06-09 · 2026-08-22
- Used in
- Chapter 8
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Syrian natural gas production is about 7 to 8 million cubic metres a day
- What is measured, and its limits
- Daily gas production. THE PUBLISHED FIGURES ARE NOT THE SAME QUANTITY. The Energy Institute publishes 2.723 billion cubic metres a YEAR for 2024, which is 7.46 million a day on division; its note says its cubic metres are energy-derived…
- Source
- Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy data workbook, sheet Gas Production - Bcm (SRC-352); Karam Shaar Advisory issues 9 and 10 (SRC-312…
- Published · read
- 2025-06-26 · 2026-08-22
- Used in
- Chapter 8
two comparable sources disagree, and neither has been superseded
Announced Syrian renewable and power projects have produced signed instruments but no financial close
- What is measured, and its limits
- Transaction stage under an internal working record. TR-011, the UCC concession for eight stations totalling 5,000 MW, is promoted to SIGNED_CONTRACT on the counterparty's own release naming signatories, place and material…
- Source
- Power International Holding release, 6 November 2025 (SRC-341); SANA (SRC-342); Enerdata (SRC-343, SRC-347); Anadolu on ACWA Power (SRC-363); REGlobal…
- Published · read
- 2025-11-06 · 2026-08-22
- Used in
- Chapter 8
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Syria operated a state-backed interest-free household solar loan scheme from 2023, and it was suspended on 19 December 2024
- What is measured, and its limits
- Loans advanced through the Fund for Supporting the Use of Renewable Energies and Raising Energy Efficiency, established by Law No. 23 of 19 October 2021 and managed by the Ministry of Electricity, now the Ministry of Energy. Lending began…
- Source
- Al-Jumhuriya investigation of 14 March 2025 (SRC-366); Syrian Renewables reference page (SRC-367); Official Gazette issue 41 part 1 of 2021, general index…
- Published · read
- 2025-03-14 · 2026-08-23
- Used in
- Chapter 8
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
SUPERSEDED 24 AUGUST 2026 AND THE DESIGNATION WAS RESCINDED. What this row recorded, as at 23 August 2026, was that syria remains designated a State Sponsor of Terrorism by the United States as at 23…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Presence on the State Department's published State Sponsors of Terrorism list, checked at the page on 23 August 2026. The list names four countries, Cuba, North Korea, Iran and Syria, and gives Syria's designation date as 29 December 1979…
- Source
- United States Department of State, Bureau of Counterterrorism, State Sponsors of Terrorism list page, checked 23 August 2026 (SRC-371); House Document 119-168…
- Published · read
- 2026-07-09 · 2026-08-24
- Used in
- Chapter 6, Chapter 8, Chapter 10
the same body has replaced it; the row is kept as part of the record
Syria's proved oil reserves, on a liquids-aggregate definition that includes crude oil, lease condensate, natural gas liquids and oil sands, are published as 2,500,000 thousand barrels, and the…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Estimated proved reserves of oil, in thousand barrels, Syrian Arab Republic, as at 1 January of the stated year. THE COLUMN IS NOT CRUDE OIL ALONE: the table's footnote 1 reads 'Includes crude oil, lease condensate, natural gas liquids…
- Source
- Oil and Gas Journal, 'Worldwide look at reserves and production', November-December 2025, folios 18 and 19, read at the 300 dpi render…
- Published · read
- 2025-11-12 · 2026-08-23
- Used in
- Chapter 9
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Syrian crude oil production in 2024 is put at about 63,000 barrels a day by two independent publications, and forecast at 73,000 for 2025
- What is measured, and its limits
- Crude oil production in thousand barrels a day, Syrian Arab Republic, calendar year; the 63,000 is an estimate for 2024 and the 73,000 a forecast for 2025
- Source
- Oil and Gas Journal, 'Worldwide look at reserves and production', November-December 2025, read at the render…
- Published · read
- 2025-11-12 · 2026-08-23
- Used in
- Chapter 9
a primary document was opened and says this
Syria's proved natural gas reserves are published as 8,500 billion cubic feet, and the figure has been reprinted unchanged for at least five years
- What is measured, and its limits
- Estimated proved reserves of natural gas, in billion cubic feet, Syrian Arab Republic, as at 1 January of the stated year. 8,500 bcf is 8.5 trillion cubic feet
- Source
- Oil and Gas Journal, 'Worldwide look at reserves and production', November-December 2025, Syria row second and fourth columns, read at the render…
- Published · read
- 2025-11-12 · 2026-08-23
- Used in
- Chapter 9
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Syria holds 250,000 thousand metric tons of phosphate rock reserves, about 0.34 per cent of the world total, ranking fifteenth of the twenty-four countries the survey names
- What is measured, and its limits
- Phosphate rock reserves in thousand metric tons, Syrian Arab Republic, as published in the February 2026 edition; the share is 250,000 divided by the world total of 73,000,000, which is 0.3425 per cent, and the rank is among the…
- Source
- United States Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Phosphate Rock, February 2026, World Mine Production and Reserves table, read at the render…
- Published · read
- 2026-02 · 2026-08-23
- Used in
- Chapter 9
a primary document was opened and says this
The United States Geological Survey revised its estimate of Syrian phosphate rock production for 2024 from 2,000 to 800 thousand metric tons, a reduction of 60 per cent, a year after first publishing…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Phosphate rock mine production in thousand metric tons, Syrian Arab Republic, calendar year 2024, as estimated in two consecutive annual editions; both figures carry the survey's 'estimated' flag
- Source
- United States Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025, January 2025, read at the render held in the author's archive, Syria row 2024…
- Published · read
- 2026-02 · 2026-08-23
- Used in
- Chapter 9
a primary document was opened and says this
Syrian gas flaring fell from 0.74 to 0.63 billion cubic metres between 2024 and 2025, and flaring intensity from 37.32 to 22.87 cubic metres per barrel, the largest decline of any country the…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Flared volume in billion cubic metres and flaring intensity in cubic metres of gas flared per barrel of oil produced, Syrian Arab Republic, calendar years 2024 and 2025. Exact dataset values: volume 0.73763427274849 and 0.62810902885103…
- Source
- World Bank, Global Flaring and Methane Reduction Partnership, 'Flare volume and intensity estimates 2012-2025', country dataset (SRC-384), sheets Flare volume…
- Published · read
- 2026-06 · 2026-08-24
- Used in
- Chapter 9
a primary document was opened and says this
European Union imports of Syrian olive oil fell from EUR 56.4 million in 2023 to EUR 36.3 million in 2024 and EUR 4.8 million in 2025, and the grade composition inverted as they fell
- What is measured, and its limits
- Customs value in euros of EU27 imports from the Syrian Arab Republic under HS 1509, annual. Exact values: 56,388,561; 36,318,453; 4,762,151. Quantities in 100 kg: 120,611.52; 74,779.55; 11,523.1
- Source
- Eurostat, Comext dataset DS-045409, 'EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8', EU27 imports from Syria of HS 1509 and its CN8 subheadings, queried 24 August…
- Published · read
- 2026-08-14 · 2026-08-24
- Used in
- Chapter 9
a primary document was opened and says this
Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham, formerly al-Nusrah Front, carries no organisation-level terrorism designation in the United States, the United Nations or the United Kingdom as at 25 August 2026. The four…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Presence of the ORGANISATION on the designating authorities' published lists, checked at the list files on 25 August 2026. THIS IS A CLAIM ABOUT THE ORGANISATION AND NOT ABOUT ANY PERSON. Whether individuals formerly associated with it…
- Source
- SRC-398, the Secretary of State's press statement of 24 August 2026 for the SDGT delisting; SRC-399, the OFAC SDN list published 24 August 2026 and the UN…
- Published · read
- 2026-08-24 · 2026-08-25
- Used in
- Chapter 6, Chapter 10
a primary document was opened and says this
Syria's transmission and distribution network codes are defined by regulation, approved by the Ministry of Electricity, and binding on the subscribers who connect to each network, and [STRUCK 6…
- What is measured, and its limits
- "[quotation withheld, 21 words; follow the citation]""البابُ الأوَّل تـعاريـف"": قواعد شبكة التوزيع are ""[quotation withheld, 21 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 434 words; follow the citation]"
- Source
- SRC-376, the 2021 distribution and investment regulation, Article 1 and Article 42, both read at 320 dpi renders on 25 August 2026 for this row; SRC-378, what…
- Published · read
- 2021-11-18 · 2026-08-25
- Used in
- Chapter 8, Chapter 9
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The United States rescinded Syria's State Sponsor of Terrorism designation on 24 August 2026 and Syria was gone from the department's published list by 25 August 2026. The export-control consequence…
- What is measured, and its limits
- "[quotation withheld, 10 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 26 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 159 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 20 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 325…
- Source
- SRC-398, the Secretary of State's press statement of 24 August 2026; SRC-400, the department's own list checked 25 August 2026; SRC-401, the tri-seal advisory…
- Published · read
- 2026-08-24 · 2026-08-25
- Used in
- Chapter 6, Chapter 8, Chapter 10
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
a primary document was opened and says this
"[quotation withheld, 6 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 31 words; follow the citation]"""
- What is measured, and its limits
- "[quotation withheld, 31 words; follow the citation]""on the World Bank series""[quotation withheld, 89 words; follow the citation]""excluded due to data availability""[quotation withheld, 54 words; follow the citation]"
- Source
- SRC-415 the World Development Indicators series; SRC-417 Migration and Development Brief 40 of June 2024; SRC-418 Prosperity Data360, datasets WB_WDI and…
- Published · read
- 2024-06-30 · 2026-08-25
- Used in
- Chapter 10
nothing stands behind the claim yet, which is a bar on printing it as fact
The World Bank and KNOMAD exclude Syria from their own 2023 remittance figures for the Middle East and North Africa, and give want of data as the reason
- What is measured, and its limits
- "THE NOTE IN FULL: ""[quotation withheld, 20 words; follow the citation]"". The figure is titled ""[quotation withheld, 11 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 45 words; follow the citation]"
- Source
- SRC-417, Migration and Development Brief 40, Figure A.4.2 and its note, page 29; SRC-418, the underlying series on Prosperity Data360
- Published · read
- 2024-06-30 · 2026-08-25
- Used in
- Chapter 10
a primary document was opened and says this
Two export credit agencies publish an explicit Syria position and both are no cover, while the OECD classifies Syria at category 7 and records it as tied-aid eligible at 35 per cent minimum…
- What is measured, and its limits
- "UKEF: market risk appetite ""We are not able to offer any cover""[quotation withheld, 15 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 10 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 83 words; follow the citation]"
- Source
- SRC-421, UK Export Finance country cover policy, updated 12 August 2026; SRC-422, US EXIM Country Limitation Schedule effective 30 July 2026; SRC-420, OECD…
- Published · read
- 2026-08-12 · 2026-09-07
- Used in
- Chapter 10
a primary document was opened and says this
On 22 August 2026 the Syrian Sovereign Fund's deputy director general published a signed public statement answering the transparency question by giving Decree 113's governance clause, and stating…
- What is measured, and its limits
- "[quotation withheld, 170 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 14 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 391 words; follow the citation]"
- Source
- SRC-431, with SRC-433 for the office and SRC-434 for the website as at the same week
- Published · read
- 2026-08-22 · 2026-08-30
- Used in
- Chapter 5
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
a primary document was opened and says this
An application called Sham Cash is the vehicle for all Syrian state salaries, is not recognised as a bank, and the funds do not pass through the Central Bank of Syria or the global banking system
- What is measured, and its limits
- Three current claims: that the channel carries all state salaries, that it is not recognised as a bank, and that funds bypass the Central Bank and the global banking system. AS AT THE SOURCES OWN DATES, the newest being 6 March 2026. The…
- Source
- SRC-141 (U4, 6 March 2026, held); SRC-440 (SMEX, 17 April 2025, HELD at held in the author's archive); SRC-441 (Al…
- Published · read
- 2025-04-17 to 2026-03-06 · 2026-09-01
- Used in
- Chapter 5, Chapter 6
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
"[quotation withheld, 56 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 12 words; follow the citation]"""
- What is measured, and its limits
- "[quotation withheld, 73 words; follow the citation]""remains 10 August 2026""[quotation withheld, 39 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 26 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 589 words; follow the…
- Source
- Constitutional Declaration, Articles 48 and 51, read in two unofficial English translations, SRC-448 and SRC-449. Arabic original not opened, SRC-450…
- Published · read
- 2025-03-13 · 2026-09-15
- Used in
- Chapter 1, Chapter 4
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
a primary document was opened and says this
By its closing date of 17 September 2026 this book had not found a live commercial correspondent relationship between a Syrian bank and a foreign bank, named, with a counterparty and a date. On 24…
- What is measured, and its limits
- "[quotation withheld, 18 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 16 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 72 words; follow the citation]""final stages""[quotation withheld, 60 words; follow the citation]"
- Source
- an internal working record lines 119, 123, 289, 293 and 319 and v92 line 293 (the remediation), and an internal working record lines 187, 233 and 243 (the AQ-83…
- Published · read
- – · 3 September 2026, the date this row was…
- Used in
- Chapter 6, Chapter 10
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Arab Opinion Index 2025 Syrian sample is 3,691 respondents in the published microdata and 3,690 in the fielding institution’s results announcement, and the survey is a split ballot of three…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Counted here 6 September 2026 on the Stata file: Syrian rows are those with Q1 == 18, n = 3,691. Form sizes 1,242, 1,235 and 1,214. The crosstab of form against answered is exact for Q426: 1,235 of form 3 and zero of forms 2 and 4.
- Source
- SRC-130 for the codebook; the published microdata at held in the author's archive Opinion Index Syria 2025/aoi-data-2025-en-stata.dta
- Published · read
- 2025 · 2026-09-06
- Used in
- Chapter 4
a primary document was opened and says this
Weighting the Arab Opinion Index Syrian data moves the share saying it makes no difference to them from 65.4 to 66.5 per cent, and the weight variation implies a design effect of about 1.05, giving…
- What is measured, and its limits
- FORMULA: Kish design effect, n * sum(w^2) / (sum w)^2, computed on the Syrian rows only and on the Q426 answering base only. Syrian weights take SEVEN values between 0.3000 and 1.0000. Q426 base n = 1,235, deff = 1.0489, effective n =…
- Source
- The published microdata, Weight variable
- Published · read
- 2025 · 2026-09-06
- Used in
- Chapter 4
the author's own calculation; the row carries the formula, assumptions, period and currency
The Arab Opinion Index published 84 per cent for Syrians believing people classify themselves and others by sect or religion (the first three of four scale points, in both the Syria results…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Recomputed as weighted shares on the microdata, Syrian rows (Q1 == 18), 30 September 2026: SY_2025_80 (classification by sect or religion), first three of four 83.7, first two 66.6; SY_2025_79_1 (prevalence of sectarian discourse), first…
- Source
- SRC-129 (results announcement, English and Arabic editions); SRC-774 (press release); SRC-775 (In Brief); the published microdata at held in the author's archive Opinion…
- Published · read
- 2025 · 2026-09-06
- Used in
- Chapter 4
a primary document was opened and says this
On 25 August 2026 the commander of the Syrian Democratic Forces announced its dissolution as an independent military force, stating that its integration into the Syrian army was complete; on 27…
- What is measured, and its limits
- A statement and an appointment, each dated, each attributed. The statement is the commander's own account of completion; no primary document establishes the position of any field, and Gulfsands' audited report (the operator's position as…
- Source
- SRC-503 (SANA, 28 August 2026); SRC-504 (Al Jazeera and AP, 25 August 2026); SANA Arabic 2562478 and English 2338549, 25 August 2026 (the statement as…
- Published · read
- 2026-08-25/2026-08-28 · 2026-09-11
- Used in
- Chapter 9, Chapter 11
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
As at 12 September 2026 the transitional justice law is a draft, discussed by the National Commission for Transitional Justice with members of the People's Assembly on 28 June 2026, and not reported…
- What is measured, and its limits
- The decree is read at the page. Everything after it is reported: the internal regulations are said to exist and are not published where this process found them; the draft law text is unseen; no judgment is held as a court record. Enactment…
- Source
- SRC-566 (the decree at the Gazette page, verified 13 September 2026); SRC-567 (Constitutional Declaration Articles 48 and 49 at the Gazette); SRC-568 (SANA…
- Published · read
- 2025-05-21/2026-09-10 · 2026-09-12
- Used in
- Chapter 4
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
At the financiers' own records, one route each, read on 11 September 2026: the World Bank's IDA Statement of Credits, Grants and Guarantees as at 31 August 2026 records disbursed amounts of nil for…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Disbursed amount in US dollars per IDA grant, as the Bank's monthly statement reports it; nil is a published value, not an absence. The GCF record carries a disbursements block with no entry.
- Source
- SRC-510 (IDA statement, data as of 31 August 2026, read at the dataset by the orchestrator on 12 September 2026); SRC-494 (GCF SAP072 record)
- Published · read
- 2026-08-31/2026-09-01 · 2026-09-11
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 10
a primary document was opened and says this
From 13 September 2026 the permanent pricing committee's temporary bulletin set diesel at 175 Syrian pounds a litre, benzine 95 at 195 and benzine 90 at 185, against 125, 152 and 142 under the…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Pump prices in new Syrian pounds per litre and per cylinder, national, effective 13 September 2026, described by the committee as temporary. The percentage rises are this book's arithmetic on the broadcaster's prior figures.
- Source
- SRC-582 (SANA, 13 September 2026); SRC-585 (Syria TV, 13 September 2026) for the prior prices
- Published · read
- 2026-09-13 · 2026-09-13
- Used in
- Chapter 8, Chapter 12
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Ministry of Finance's citizen budget for 2026 expects revenue from oil and gas of 2.434 billion US dollars, 27.9 per cent of expected revenue of 8.716 billion dollars (958.8 billion new Syrian…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Expected (budgeted) revenue for the 2026 budget year by the ministry's four categories, in dollars at the document's own conversion; a projection, not a receipt
- Source
- SRC-276, page 26, read at the rendered page
- Published · read
- 2026 · 2026-08-20
- Used in
- Chapter 7, Chapter 9, Chapter 11
a primary document was opened and says this
"[quotation withheld, 119 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 14 words; follow the citation]""."
- What is measured, and its limits
- Three cadastral areas only, counted by the committees at work in each, as at 6 January 2026; the unit is the property sheet (صحيفة عقارية) except Zamalka's base registers and annexes, which are registers; 'checked' is the agency's تدقيق…
- Source
- SRC-605, the state news agency's report of 6 January 2026 quoting the three judges and the deputy director; SRC-604 for the procedure the counts belong to
- Published · read
- 2026-01-06 · 2026-09-15
- Used in
- Chapter 4
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Director-General of Real Estate Affairs, Abdul Karim Idris, stated on 15 February 2026 that about 95 per cent of the land eligible for ownership in Syria is registered in the land register and…
- What is measured, and its limits
- 'Land eligible for ownership' (الأراضي القابلة للتملك) is the Director-General's category and is not defined in the report; the 60 per cent is of Syria's area; no date of measurement, method or source is given. As-of date 15 February 2026…
- Source
- SRC-606, the state news agency's report of 15 February 2026 quoting the Director-General
- Published · read
- 2026-02-15 · 2026-09-15
- Used in
- Chapter 4
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
"[quotation withheld, 98 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 21 words; follow the citation]""."
- What is measured, and its limits
- "[quotation withheld, 56 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 7 words; follow the citation]"" (B1, 15 September 2026)."
- Source
- SRC-606, the state news agency's report of 15 February 2026; SRC-453 for Decree 16 of 2025, which the prose sets beside it
- Published · read
- 2026-02-15 · 2026-09-15
- Used in
- Chapter 4
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
a primary document was opened and says this
Pinheiro Principle 15.7: states may, in situations of mass displacement where little documentary evidence exists as to ownership or rights of possession, adopt the conclusive presumption that persons…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Opened 16 September 2026 at held in the author's archive, Principle 15.7 at page 12; the chapter's quotation at line 63 matches the instrument word for word ('ownership or rights of possession'). The handbook SRC-098…
- Source
- SRC-154; endorsement SRC-157
- Published · read
- 2005-06-28 · 2026-09-16
- Used in
- Chapter 4
a primary document was opened and says this
Pinheiro Principle 17.1: states should ensure secondary occupants are protected against arbitrary or unlawful forced eviction, and shall ensure that evictions deemed justifiable and unavoidable for…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Opened 16 September 2026 at the same file, Principle 17.1 at page 13; the chapter's quotations at line 67 match the instrument, including the change of modal from should to shall that the chapter remarks on
- Source
- SRC-154; endorsement SRC-157
- Published · read
- 2005-06-28 · 2026-09-16
- Used in
- Chapter 4
a primary document was opened and says this
Pinheiro Principle 21.2: restitution should be deemed factually impossible only in exceptional circumstances, namely when the housing, land or property is destroyed or no longer exists, as determined…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Opened 16 September 2026 at the same file, Principle 21.2 at pages 14 to 15; the chapter's quotations at line 69 match the instrument. CH4-008 covers 21.1's three gateways and states that 21.2 is not covered by it; this row covers it now…
- Source
- SRC-154; endorsement SRC-157
- Published · read
- 2005-06-28 · 2026-09-16
- Used in
- Chapter 4
a primary document was opened and says this
On 17 September 2026 Estithmar Holding disclosed to the Qatar Stock Exchange the completion of the transfer of a 48.68 per cent stake in Shahba Bank to Masaref Holding from Bemo Saudi Fransi Bank and…
- What is measured, and its limits
- One transaction; a minority stake of 29,789,840 shares, 48.68 per cent, on the buyer's parent's disclosure to its exchange and the bank's own to its securities regulator; the regulators' decisions, the price and any audited outcome not…
- Source
- SRC-625 (the buyer's parent's disclosure to the Qatar Stock Exchange, held); SRC-627 (the issuer's emergency disclosure to the Syrian securities commission…
- Published · read
- 2026-09-17 · 2026-09-21
- Used in
- Chapter 6, Chapter 10
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Rewriting the Rules took its US$250 to 400 billion reconstruction range from Diana Rayes, 'Dispatch from Damascus', Atlantic Council MENASource, 3 January 2025, which gives no source for it…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Provenance of a range, not a cost estimate. The commentary: 'The estimated cost of rebuilding the country ranges between $250 billion and $400 billion', the only link in the sentence pointing to about:blank from the day of publication…
- Source
- The author's statement, recorded as D-234 (the author's decision log, 26 September 2026), for the provenance; SRC-065 (the commentary, held capture of…
- Published · read
- 2025-01-03; 2025-10-21 · 2026-09-28
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 1
a primary document was opened and says this
Rewriting the Rules (21 October 2025, its line 1283) printed potential Syrian carbon revenues of $40-$97 million annually by 2030; the figure was the author's own estimate, printed with a currency…
- What is measured, and its limits
- A claimed annual flow for 2030, US dollars by sign, no price year; a claim about the earlier book, not a carbon revenue estimate
- Source
- The author's statement, D-239 item 1 (the author's decision log, 28 September 2026); SRC-030 at its line 1283…
- Published · read
- 2025-10-21 · 2026-09-28
- Used in
- Chapter 10
a primary document was opened and says this
Rewriting the Rules (its line 1263) gave the voluntary carbon market's value as $1.9 billion in 2022 and $1.75 billion in 2024, citing nothing at the line; the one Ecosystem Marketplace report in its…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Reported transaction value of the global voluntary carbon market, US dollars, calendar year; a statement of what each document prints
- Source
- SRC-030 at its lines 1263 and 2065; SRC-695 at printed pages 3, 4 and 17
- Published · read
- 2025-10-21; 2024 · 2026-09-28
- Used in
- Chapter 10
a primary document was opened and says this
Rewriting the Rules (its line 1497) said UK Export Finance and Germany's Euler Hermes "can provide political risk insurance" against the risks of investing in Syria; both agencies' own pages…
- What is measured, and its limits
- The agencies' published country cover positions for Syria at the capture dates; not a statement about any individual underwriting decision
- Source
- SRC-030 at its lines 1497 to 1499; SRC-421 and SRC-483 with the Wayback captures held at held in the author's archive
- Published · read
- 2025-10-21 · 2026-09-28
- Used in
- Chapter 10
a primary document was opened and says this
The Ministry of Energy's home page states Syria's crude oil reserves as 2.4 billion barrels, with no date, source or method
- What is measured, and its limits
- Crude oil reserves, barrels, Syria, undated; the page says reserves (احتياطي) without saying proved, probable or in place
- Source
- SRC-696
- Published · read
- n.d. · 2026-08-24
- Used in
- Chapter 9
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Ministry of Energy's home page states Syria's natural gas reserves as 211 million cubic metres, as printed, with no date, source or method
- What is measured, and its limits
- Natural gas reserves, cubic metres as printed (مليون, million), Syria, undated
- Source
- SRC-696
- Published · read
- n.d. · 2026-08-24
- Used in
- Chapter 9
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Ministry of Energy's home page states Syria's phosphate reserves as 1.7 to 1.8 billion tonnes, with no date, source or method
- What is measured, and its limits
- Phosphate reserves, tonnes, Syria, undated
- Source
- SRC-696
- Published · read
- n.d. · 2026-08-24
- Used in
- Chapter 9
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Syrian Petroleum Company's website put the company's own output in 2009 at 68 million barrels of oil and 5.5 billion cubic metres of natural gas
- What is measured, and its limits
- Company output, barrels of oil and cubic metres of gas, calendar year 2009; the Syrian Petroleum Company only, not a national total
- Source
- SRC-697
- Published · read
- n.d. · 2026-09-28
- Used in
- Chapter 9
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Syrian Petroleum Company's account of its work from 2016 to 2018 says gas production rose from 6.5 million cubic metres a day in 2016 to 10 million in 2018
- What is measured, and its limits
- Natural gas production, cubic metres a day, 2016 and 2018; whether company or national is not stated on the page
- Source
- SRC-698
- Published · read
- n.d. · 2026-09-28
- Used in
- Chapter 9
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Ministry of Finance's report on the first half of 2026, released 31 August 2026, gives actual revenue of US$2,695 million against spending of US$3,700 million, a deficit of US$1,005 million…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Six-month outturn (1 January to 30 June 2026) and annual allocation, in millions of US dollars as the ministry states them; no exchange rate, no method, no headcount; not audited; not an annual payroll; the wage line includes compensation…
- Source
- SRC-700, pages 9, 17 and 18, read as images
- Published · read
- 2026-08-31 · 2026-09-28
- Used in
- Chapter 7, Chapter 11
a primary document was opened and says this
None of the Ministry of Finance's three documents held separates social protection: the citizen budget 2026 places it inside 41 per cent with health and education (page 27) and inside 13 per cent for…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Shares of estimated 2026 expenditure, a six-month outturn and a 2025 share; scoped to the three ministry documents held; no share may be carried across the labels subsidies and social security and transfers; not a claim that no separate…
- Source
- SRC-276 pages 21 and 27; SRC-700 pages 17 and 18; SRC-705 page 7
- Published · read
- 2026; 2026-08-31 · 2026-09-28
- Used in
- Chapter 11
a primary document was opened and says this
The Ministry of Energy's summary of the first half of 2026 attributes 60 per cent of production to natural gas, 30 per cent to fuel oil and 10 per cent to what it calls alternative energy, and gives…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Shares of the ministry's own electricity production, first half of 2026, national as the ministry reports it; category 'الطاقة البديلة' undefined, no hydropower or solar line; supply hours a range 'in most areas', no average, no method
- Source
- SRC-718, the generation infographic, read on 29 September 2026
- Published · read
- 2026-08-09 · 2026-09-28
- Used in
- Chapter 8
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Ministry of Finance's summary of 2025 (dated March 2026, released 7 April 2026) gives preliminary actual revenue of US$3,493 million against spending of US$3,447 million, a surplus of US$46…
- What is measured, and its limits
- US dollars as the ministry states them (the Telegram version states 110 new pounds to the dollar; the PDF states no rate); calendar 2025; preliminary actuals; the wage line is a share of total spending with no amount; perimeter, basis and…
- Source
- SRC-705, pages 3, 6 and 7; SRC-706 for the date and the stated rate
- Published · read
- 2026-04-07 · 2026-09-29
- Used in
- Chapter 5, Chapter 7, Chapter 11, Chapter 12
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Statistical Abstract's table 5/5 prints Syrian crude oil production in thousand cubic metres for 2000 and each year from 2005 to 2023: 21,739 in 2010 and 3,579 in 2023, the last year any edition…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Crude petroleum («النفط الخام»), thousand cubic metres («ألف م3»), Syria, calendar year; no geography, operator coverage or method stated; footnote «لايتضمن الإنتاج الخاضع للتقاسم *» printed from the 2017 edition, the asterisk on 2016…
- Source
- SRC-730 to SRC-744 (every edition 2010 to 2024); the figures printed from SRC-744 (2024 edition, Planning and Statistics Commission), which repeats 2010 from…
- Published · read
- 2024 edition (introduction PDF created… · 2026-09-28
- Used in
- Chapter 9
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Statistical Abstract's table 5/5 prints Syrian phosphate production in thousand tonnes for 2000 and each year from 2005 to 2023: 3,167 for 2010 (on the basis used before the 2012 change) and…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Phosphate («الفوسفات»), thousand tonnes («ألف طن»), Syria, calendar year; from the 2012 value «تتضمن الفوسفات العادي والمغسول» (2013 to 2016 editions), 2009 to 2011 restated in the 2014 edition (2010: 3,608), note dropped from the 2017…
- Source
- SRC-730 to SRC-744; the figures printed from SRC-744 (2024 edition); the basis change from SRC-733 (2013 edition), SRC-734 to SRC-736 (restated 2009 to 2011)…
- Published · read
- 2024 edition · 2026-09-28
- Used in
- Chapter 9
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The former Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources' archived news items on its plan follow-up meetings state the country's oil production for dated periods from 2011 to 2021, on measures that…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Oil, barrels, Syria, by period: crude oil (1 January to 30 September 2011); total oil produced in Syria (2013, Q1 and H1 2014); oil produced and delivered to the Homs refinery or the refineries (2014, 2015 and their parts); light oil…
- Source
- SRC-752, SRC-753, SRC-754
- Published · read
- 2014 to 2022 · 2026-09-29
- Used in
- Chapter 9
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The former Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources' archived plan follow-up items state raw gas produced in the country for every period from 2013 to the first quarter of 2017, and natural gas…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Raw gas produced in the country (الغاز الخام المنتج في القطر), cubic metres, by period 2013 to Q1 2017; natural gas (الغاز الطبيعي), 2021; no method stated
- Source
- SRC-752, SRC-753, SRC-754
- Published · read
- 2014 to 2022 · 2026-09-29
- Used in
- Chapter 9
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
A report to Congress under section 8369(b) of Public Law 119-60, dated 26 June 2026, is cited by the ranking members of the Senate Foreign Relations and Banking committees and Representative Joe…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Existence and date of one report, attested by recipients' citation only; content unknown; nothing found on the second report (due on or about 14 September 2026) on the four committee sites read in full text to 28 September 2026 or in the…
- Source
- SRC-707; routes SRC-251, SRC-621, SRC-622, SRC-623 (with the closing-pass appends of 29 September 2026)
- Published · read
- 2026-07-01 · 2026-09-29
- Used in
- Chapter 6
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
Under Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956, as replaced by Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 and applying from 1 January 2026, a declarant whose embedded emissions are determined on the basis of actual…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Legal text in force at the closing date of 28 September 2026: Article 9(1) and 9(4) of 2023/956 as replaced; the implementing act under Article 9(5) was a draft when the book read it (Chapter 3 lines 113 to 117), and CELLAR held no adopted…
- Source
- SRC-560 (Regulation (EU) 2025/2083, points (8) and (27)); SRC-075 (the replaced 2023 text, history only)
- Published · read
- 2025-10-17 · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Chapter 3, Chapter 8, Chapter 12
Amended since first entered: read the row’s history.
a primary document was opened and says this
On the UNESCO Institute for Statistics' figures, Syria had 114,676 primary and 65,218 secondary teachers in 2002 and 144,621 and 54,596 in 2024 (primary about a quarter more, secondary about a sixth…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Headcounts of teachers by level, national; UIS primary is grades 1 to 6 in 2002 and 2023 to 2024 and grades 1 to 4 in 2003 to 2013; CBS 2002 is primary only, 2003 to 2006 the nine grades of basic education; CBS ratios rounded to whole…
- Source
- SRC-305; SRC-785; SRC-786; SRC-783
- Published · read
- 2007 to 2026 · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Chapter 7
two comparable sources disagree, and neither has been superseded
Whether the Institute's 2002 and 2024 primary-teacher counts (and the trained share of them) measure the same population, given that Syria's basic-education cycles were reorganised after 2014 and the…
- What is measured, and its limits
- ISCED level 1 mapping of Syrian basic education across 2002, 2003 to 2013 and 2014 on; the teacher-count definitions each source uses; the national minimum training requirement behind SE.PRM.TCAQ.ZS
- Source
- SRC-305; SRC-786 (SE.PRM.DURS); SRC-783 (sheet 'CH 11', the cycle note); World Bank metadata on the ISCED 2011 mapping recorded at SRC-783
- Published · read
- 2016 to 2026 · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Chapter 7
it may be raised as a question and not settled as advice
Ministry of Finance Decision No. 1654/و of 24 May 2026 (Official Gazette 2026, issue 22 part one, gazette page 256) amends the wage tables annexed to Decision No. 2700 of 2006 for Decree No. 67 of…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Minimum and maximum salary by rank and grade of one wage scale (first row: a board of commissioners drawn from university teaching staff; the body is not named on the page), under Decree No. 102 of 2025 and Decree No. 67 of 2026; no unit…
- Source
- SRC-263 (issue 22 part one, PDF page 16)
- Published · read
- 2026-06-10 · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Chapter 7
a primary document was opened and says this
In EU27 imports of Syrian olive oil under HS 1509, 2023 is the highest year by customs value from 2010 to 2025, and in 2021 the grade composition had already turned over once: extra virgin about…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Customs value in euros of EU27_2020 imports from the Syrian Arab Republic, flow 1. HS 1509 by year: 2010 642,318; 2011 21,420; 2012 208,286; 2013 4,680,967; 2014 351,004; 2015 4,440,658; 2016 17,842,925; 2017 43,170,165; 2018 54,430,823…
- Source
- Eurostat, Comext dataset DS-045409, EU27 imports from Syria of HS 1509 and its CN8 subheadings, annual 2010 to 2025, dataset updated 16 October 2026 (SRC-791)…
- Published · read
- 2026-10-16 · 2026-10-16
- Used in
- Chapter 9
a primary document was opened and says this
Under Legislative Decree No. 80 of 2010, striking off from the Syndicate register is a severe disciplinary penalty for an engineer (Art. 67(b)(3)); disciplinary offences lapse three years from their…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Read at the articles named, 16 and 18 October 2026. Whether any of them has been amended since 2010 was NOT checked (the third-party copy shows Article 16 amended). The chapter's line 'A published name is what makes a design decision…
- Source
- Legislative Decree No. 80 of 2010 (new source row of unit 05), Arts. 67, 68, 70, 74 and 75
- Published · read
- 2010-09-30 · 2026-10-16
- Used in
- Chapter 5
it may be raised as a question and not settled as advice
The World Bank's Macro Poverty Outlook puts Syria's overall fiscal balance at minus 7.7, minus 5.1 and plus 1.4 per cent of GDP for 2023, 2024 and 2025 in its April 2026 edition, every figure marked…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Overall fiscal balance, per cent of GDP, Syria, calendar years 2023 to 2025. April: 'p = figures are provisional, may be subject to revision and may diverge from official projections', source 'World Bank, Fiscal Policy & Growth…
- Source
- SRC-149 (April 2026); the October 2026 edition (new source row of unit 05)
- Published · read
- 2026-04; 2026-10 · 2026-08-16 (April); 2026-10-16 (October)
- Used in
- Chapter 5, Chapter 12
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
On Damascus Governorate's own account (statement of 5 May 2026 on its official channel), original owners' floor area in Marota City was to rise by 13.9 per cent and the rent allowance for those owed…
- What is measured, and its limits
- 13.9 per cent of the floor area original owners previously obtained, Marota City; rent allowance multiple, thirty-five times the previous rate, those owed alternative housing, from 1 January 2026; payments: about 1,600 names paid of a plan…
- Source
- SRC-808; SRC-809; SRC-812; SRC-813
- Published · read
- 2026-05-05 to 2026-08-16 · 2026-10-16
- Used in
- Chapter 4
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
[AMENDED 19 OCTOBER 2026 (CONSOLIDATED B-5, R-X-2), THE STRUCK WORDING QUOTED: 'The most recent evidence the chapter holds for the Homs Dream is December 2019 (the governor's statement, The Syria…
- What is measured, and its limits
- The latest dated status of each scheme in the sources the chapter opened; as at 28 September 2026. Not a statement that nothing later happened.
- Source
- SRC-104; SRC-111; SRC-128
- Published · read
- 2021-01-13; 2024-05-28; 2026-04-19 · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Chapter 4
a primary document was opened and says this
On the financiers' own records read on 18 October 2026: the Green Climate Fund records US$6,003,501 disbursed on SAP072 to ACTED, its accredited entity, effective 14 October 2026 (nil on 7, 11 and 28…
- What is measured, and its limits
- US dollars disbursed by the financier per grant. The GCF figure is a payment to the accredited entity, an international non-governmental organisation, and not a transfer established as reaching a Syrian counterparty; the record does not…
- Source
- SRC-494 (GCF projects API, read 18 October 2026); SRC-817 (IDA statement, end of period 30 September 2026)
- Published · read
- 2026-09-30 / 2026-10-14 · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Introduction, Chapter 1, Chapter 10, Chapter 11, Chapter 12
a primary document was opened and says this
Contributions reported to the OCHA Financial Tracking Service against the 2026 Syria humanitarian plan (plan 1518) were US$942,198,905 against requirements of US$2,922,184,830, 32.2 per cent, and…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Reported contributions (a floor, not money spent) over revised requirements; coverage against a requirement is not coverage against need; the two years are not a trend because the requirements differ. Percentages are author arithmetic.
- Source
- SRC-438
- Published · read
- continuously updated · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Chapter 12
a primary document was opened and says this
International card acceptance in Syria is dated three ways: a Central Bank decision of 4 May 2026 (the permission), trade reports of a connection, a trial and one bank (Qatar National Bank) live with…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Dates of steps, not volumes; no figure of transactions, merchants or cards is claimed
- Source
- SRC-257; SRC-189; SRC-190; SRC-830
- Published · read
- 2026-05-04 to 2026-08-30 · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Chapter 6, Chapter 8
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
As at 18 October 2026 the UNFCCC NDC Registry's default view (active entries) shows 352 entries, the newest submitted on 15 October 2026, and one for Syria, the First NDC, submitted on 30 November…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Entries in the registry's default view, filtered to Active; not a count of every submission ever made
- Source
- SRC-831
- Published · read
- – · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Chapter 8, Chapter 12
a primary document was opened and says this
As at 18 October 2026, verifiers accredited for CBAM activity group I (cement clinker, cement) exist in Italy (three, by Accredia's decision of 28 September 2026), Greece (Emicert, annex of 14…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Scope: the six registers of SRC-843 (RvA, COFRAC, Accredia, DAkkS, ENAC, TURKAK) searched, plus the Greek and Swedish records read and PCA, SNAS and UKAS run; not a count of CBAM verifiers in the Union. The Commission's state of play of 7…
- Source
- SRC-840; SRC-841; SRC-842; SRC-843; SRC-562; SRC-564
- Published · read
- 2026-09-14 to 2026-10-13 · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Chapter 3
the document says this within a limit, which must travel with the claim wherever it appears
The Central Organization for Financial Control's own work report for 2025 (cover dated 31 March 2026, posted 17 September 2026) gives about 680 billion pounds and more than US$3.4 billion discovered…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Calendar year 2025, Syria, amounts discovered and required to be recovered and amounts recovered, as the organisation reports them; pounds are old pounds (l.337).
- Source
- SRC-844 (with SRC-155, the interview of 9 July 2026)
- Published · read
- 2026-03-31 · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Chapter 5
a primary document was opened and says this
On 18 October 2026, as SANA printed it that day, Decree No. 191 of 2026 named Omar Samer al-Halabi chairman of the board of the Sovereign Fund, which it says was formed by Decree No. 250 of 2025, and…
- What is measured, and its limits
- As at 18 October 2026. The board decree's existence is Decree 191's statement; Decree 250 itself is not held.
- Source
- SRC-845; SRC-846; SRC-142 and SRC-624 (the fund's website, read 18 October 2026)
- Published · read
- 2026-10-18 · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Chapter 5
a primary document was opened and says this
UNHCR's August 2026 operational update gives 1,795,641 returnees from countries of asylum and 2,009,506 IDP returnees, both counted from December 2024
- What is measured, and its limits
- Panel figures, December 2024 to August 2026. The refugee-returnee figure is UNHCR's own, 'calculated by triangulating multiple data sources, including population-movement reporting and border-monitoring data'; the IDP-returnee figure is…
- Source
- UNHCR Operational Update, Syrian Arab Republic, August 2026 (SRC-858), page 1 panel
- Published · read
- 2026-09-29 · 2026-10-18
- Used in
- Chapter 7
a primary document was opened and says this
The SEEP aide memoire (mission of 9 to 11 June 2026) records total disbursements of US$9.53 million as at 15 June 2026, the UNMAS advance; the status report archived on 21 July 2026 gives US$9.50…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Cumulative disbursement in US dollars on IDA grant P511407 (Syria Electricity Emergency Project), as at 15 June 2026; the whole is the advance to the United Nations Mine Action Service under a UN agency agreement, not an advance into a…
- Source
- SRC-458 (aide memoire, para 22); SRC-350 (status report archived 21 July 2026); SRC-457 (disbursement letter of 25 November 2025, Schedule 1) for 'not an…
- Published · read
- 2026-06-28 or later (the aide memoire… · 2026-09-03
- Used in
- Chapter 10
a primary document was opened and says this
UNHCR's dashboards as of 15 October 2026 give 1,831,587 Syrian refugee returnees since 8 December 2024 and 2,061,792 internally displaced people returned between December 2024 and 15 October 2026…
- What is measured, and its limits
- Dashboard estimates to 15 October 2026. The refugee figure is 'calculated by triangulating multiple data sources' and includes 'registered and unregistered Syrians, as well as individuals in transit'; both carry 'subject to future…
- Source
- UNHCR, Comprehensive Overview of Refugee Returns Dashboard (SRC-902) and Comprehensive Overview of IDPs and IDP Returns Dashboard (SRC-903), both as of 15…
- Published · read
- 2026-10-15 · 2026-10-25
- Used in
- Chapter 7
a primary document was opened and says this
UNHCR's August 2026 operational update reports that between 2 March and 31 August 2026, 1,200,496 people (927,352 Syrians and 273,144 Lebanese) crossed into Syria from Lebanon
- What is measured, and its limits
- A total of crossings into Syria from Lebanon over six months, by nationality, for the whole border: not a figure for any crossing, not a count of returnees (the Syrians include people who do not intend to stay: the same page says around 21…
- Source
- UNHCR Operational Update, Syrian Arab Republic, August 2026 (SRC-858), page 3, under Return
- Published · read
- 2026-09-29 · 2026-10-18; 2026-10-25
- Used in
- Chapter 7
a primary document was opened and says this
The cards are the claim register’s rows, shortened where a field is long; each identifier opens the full row. What each status means is in the Guide.