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Introduction · Chapter 1 · Chapter 2 · Chapter 3 · Chapter 4 · Chapter 5 · Chapter 6 · Chapter 7 · Chapter 8 · Chapter 9 · Chapter 10 · Chapter 11 · Chapter 12
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Introduction: The Correction That Changed the Book
15 claims
- APP-001 The appendix contains 199 unique failing figures
- INTRO-001 The World Bank October 2025 assessment states that it does not provide detailed disaggregation by sectors or individual asset types, that the estimate will need to be…
- INTRO-002 No whole-of-Syria, sector-disaggregated damage and reconstruction costing covering the conflict period had been published after the October 2025 assessment, as at 9…
- INTRO-003 The author's financing register holds 28 records touching Syria, of which 12 have had their stage verified against the document itself
- INTRO-004 Across all twenty-eight, as at 10 August 2026, no record carries a published figure for money disbursed to Syria
- INTRO-004a Of the twenty-eight records in the register, one carries a published figure for money disbursed and twenty-seven do not
- INTRO-005 Reconstruction is costed at US$216 billion in December 2024 US dollars, a conservative best estimate within a published range, and physical damage at US$108 billion. The…
- INTRO-006 Morten Jerven's Poor Numbers established direct contact with statisticians or stakeholders in 23 of the 48 countries of sub-Saharan Africa, by unstructured interview in…
- INTRO-007 "[quotation withheld, 67 words; follow the citation]""At Least""[quotation withheld, 56 words; follow the citation]"
- CH1-012 No published Green Climate Fund document states a sum of readiness support disbursed to Syria, as at 10 August 2026
- INTRO-008 The first edition claimed that forty per cent of Syria's national budget disappeared through corruption each year, and no audit, assessment or study behind it could be…
- AN-001 The first edition of Rewriting the Rules stated, at its line 1011, that 'it is estimated that for every ten doctors trained in Syria, fewer than two remain'. It named no…
- DISB-001 At the financiers' own records, one route each, read on 11 September 2026: the World Bank's IDA Statement of Credits, Grants and Guarantees as at 31 August 2026 records…
- INTRO-009 Rewriting the Rules took its US$250 to 400 billion reconstruction range from Diana Rayes, 'Dispatch from Damascus', Atlantic Council MENASource, 3 January 2025, which…
- DISB-002 On the financiers' own records read on 18 October 2026: the Green Climate Fund records US$6,003,501 disbursed on SAP072 to ACTED, its accredited entity, effective 14…
13 sources
- SRC-025 Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, press release of 28 June 2022, on the report Civilian Deaths in the Syrian Arab Republic, A/HRC/50/68
- SRC-026 Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Civilian Deaths in the Syrian Arab Republic, A/HRC/50/68, advance unedited version, 28 June 2022
- SRC-028 Green Climate Fund readiness and preparatory support proposals for Syria: FAO NDA strengthening and country programming; UNIDO and CTCN strategic frameworks; UNICEF…
- SRC-030 Rewriting the Rules, first edition, published 21 October 2025, author source text
- SRC-031 Syrian Network for Human Rights, On the 14th Anniversary of the Start of the Syrian Uprising in March 2011, 18 March 2025
- SRC-032 Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, SOHR 17th Anniversary statement, 1 May 2023
- SRC-071 World Bank, Syria Macro-Fiscal Assessment, June 2025, Middle East and North Africa Region
- SRC-072 Inter-Parliamentary Union, Parline, Syrian Arab Republic, People's Assembly, October 2025 election record
- SRC-073 International Monetary Fund, Public Information Notice, IMF Executive Board Concludes 2009 Article IV Consultation with the Syrian Arab Republic, in IMF Staff Country…
- SRC-078 International Monetary Fund, Syrian Arab Republic: 2009 Article IV Consultation, Staff Report and Public Information Notice, Country Report No. 10/86, March 2010
- SRC-494 Green Climate Fund, projects database, the record for SAP072 in the Syrian Arab Republic
- SRC-613 World Bank, International Development Association, Arabic site (المؤسسة الدولية للتنمية), 'التمويل' (Financing) page, as opened 16 September 2026
- SRC-615 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Finance, Syria National Health Compact (the Syria Universal Health Coverage Compact), presented at Tokyo, Japan…
Chapter 1: The Bill and the Denominator
29 claims
- GCF-001 A current NDC is a universal condition for climate-fund disbursement
- GCF-002 SAP072 proves a Syrian public institution can receive and account directly for GCF funds
- INTRO-001 The World Bank October 2025 assessment states that it does not provide detailed disaggregation by sectors or individual asset types, that the estimate will need to be…
- INTRO-002 No whole-of-Syria, sector-disaggregated damage and reconstruction costing covering the conflict period had been published after the October 2025 assessment, as at 9…
- INTRO-003 The author's financing register holds 28 records touching Syria, of which 12 have had their stage verified against the document itself
- INTRO-004 Across all twenty-eight, as at 10 August 2026, no record carries a published figure for money disbursed to Syria
- INTRO-004a Of the twenty-eight records in the register, one carries a published figure for money disbursed and twenty-seven do not
- INTRO-005 Reconstruction is costed at US$216 billion in December 2024 US dollars, a conservative best estimate within a published range, and physical damage at US$108 billion. The…
- INTRO-007 "[quotation withheld, 67 words; follow the citation]""At Least""[quotation withheld, 56 words; follow the citation]"
- CH1-001 Correcting scope makes the Development Programme and the World Bank converge, so that on the quantity they both measure the United Nations and the Bank agree
- CH1-002 The Development Programme's US$799.4 billion is foregone output, being a modelled counterfactual at constant 2010 prices against an assumed 5 per cent annual growth path…
- CH1-003 The Development Programme's US$123.3 billion of destroyed physical capital aggregates three components on three different price bases, three different periods and three…
- CH1-004 WITHDRAWN AND REVERSED. I claimed that correcting for price basis moves the United Nations and World Bank capital figures further apart. It moves them closer, and the…
- CH1-005 Whether the World Bank's 2011 to 2024 conflict damage assessment includes or excludes the February 2023 earthquake damage is not established by this project
- CH1-006 The World Bank's own annex compares its estimate against ten previous studies restated to a common price basis, and reports that its US$108 billion aligns well with them
- CH1-007 The US$250 billion figure has two candidate origins and the manuscript asserts only one of them
- CH1-008 The US$216 billion is net of reconstruction already completed, because the model credits an estimated already-rebuilt share of damage in each governorate
- CH1-009 SUPERSEDED 12 August 2026. This row stated that the March 2025 European Parliamentary Research Service briefing cites no source for either end of its range. The briefing…
- CH1-010 The apparent fall in reported sustainable investment assets from about US$30 trillion to US$16.7 trillion is a change of measurement scope, not a contraction; on the…
- CH1-011 UNHCR's May 2026 operational update gives 5,542,227 internally displaced, 1,917,862 IDP returnees and 1,667,078 returnees from countries of asylum, and footnotes the…
- CH1-012 No published Green Climate Fund document states a sum of readiness support disbursed to Syria, as at 10 August 2026
- CH1-013 Syria has not conducted a census of population and housing since 2004
- CH1-014 The World Bank assessment publishes no split of value by ownership, and carries no ownership or tenure data at all
- CH1-015 On 14 January 2020 the World Bank APPROVED an additional credit of US$200 million to the Government of Nepal for its Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Project, and the…
- POP-001 World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant, puts the Syrian Arab Republic at 25,620,427 on 1 July 2025 and 26,472,497 on 1 July 2026, and at 25,170,891 and…
- GAZ-001 An online archive of the Syrian Official Gazette, run by The Syria Report, is browsable free and without a login by issue number, part and date; for the years whose…
- HLPSAVINGS-001 "[quotation withheld, 56 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 12 words; follow the citation]"""
- INTRO-009 Rewriting the Rules took its US$250 to 400 billion reconstruction range from Diana Rayes, 'Dispatch from Damascus', Atlantic Council MENASource, 3 January 2025, which…
- DISB-002 On the financiers' own records read on 18 October 2026: the Green Climate Fund records US$6,003,501 disbursed on SAP072 to ACTED, its accredited entity, effective 14…
31 sources
- SRC-011 Verified sources and corrections
- SRC-012 Fact-check of Syrian macroeconomic, fiscal, demographic and humanitarian figures
- SRC-057 World Bank, The Syrian Conflict: Physical Damage and Reconstruction Assessment (2011–2024), August 2025, disclosed 21 October 2025
- SRC-256 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects 2024, Demographic Indicators, medium variant
- SRC-260 World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator metadata for Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), sourceOrganization and sourceNote fields
- SRC-261 Route audit: Syrian legal repositories, and whether any has been read or searched for a repealing instrument
- SRC-505 Syrian People's Assembly (مجلس الشعب), legal database, laws and decrees listing (مراسيم وقوانين), as captured by the Internet Archive between December 2024 and January…
- SRC-506 Central Bank of Syria, legislation and regulations index (التشريعات والأنظمة), as at 18 August 2026
- SRC-507 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Justice, official website, circulars, decisions and news, June 2025 to July 2026
- SRC-508 "[quotation withheld, 5 words; follow the citation]""موسوعة التشريع السورية"" legislation platform"
- SRC-509 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Local Administration and Environment, official website, news, work reports, circulars, decisions and laws pages, August 2025 to…
- SRC-524 World Bank, 'Syria Emergency Water Security and Resilient Services Project (P515199), Project Information Document, Appraisal Stage', Report No. PIDIA01642…
- SRC-615 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Finance, Syria National Health Compact (the Syria Universal Health Coverage Compact), presented at Tokyo, Japan…
- SRC-616 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 5, part one, 4 February 2026, 71 pages, and issue 6, part one, 11 February 2026, 31 pages
- SRC-760 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 33, part one, dated 26 August 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria Report's…
- SRC-761 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 33, part two, dated 27 August 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria Report's…
- SRC-762 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 34, part one, dated 2 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-763 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 34, part two, dated 3 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-764 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 35, part one, dated 9 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-765 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 35, part two, dated 10 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-766 The Syria Report, online archive of the Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, listing of the 2026 issues as served on 28 September 2026 (72 titles, issue 1 to…
- SRC-772 International Labour Organization, 'تأثيرات عودة اللاجئين السوريين على سوق العمل في المنطقة العربية – نشرة معلومات', Arabic edition, October 2025
- SRC-776 Syrian Center for Policy Research, Confronting Fragmentation! Impact of Syria Crisis Report 2015, February 2016
- SRC-777 United Nations Development Programme, 'Syria Socio Economic Assessment', publications page (Arab States), dated 19 February 2025, Internet Archive capture of 23 February…
- SRC-858 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Operational Update, Syrian Arab Republic, August 2026 (UNHCR document 124284), published 29 September 2026
- SRC-870 The Syria Report, online archive of the Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, listing of the 2026 issues as served on 18 October 2026 (75 titles, issue 1 to…
- SRC-871 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, part one, dated 16 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-872 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, supplement to part one, dated 16 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by…
- SRC-873 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, part two, dated 17 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-874 Morningstar Manager Research, 'Global Sustainable Fund Flows: Q2 2026', 50 pages (PDF created 29 July 2026; reported by ESG Today on 3 August 2026)
- SRC-875 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Operational Update, Syria, August 2026 (published 29 September 2026), UNHCR document 124284
Chapter 2: The Numbers That Fail
7 claims
- APP-001 The appendix contains 199 unique failing figures
- INTRO-001 The World Bank October 2025 assessment states that it does not provide detailed disaggregation by sectors or individual asset types, that the estimate will need to be…
- INTRO-002 No whole-of-Syria, sector-disaggregated damage and reconstruction costing covering the conflict period had been published after the October 2025 assessment, as at 9…
- INTRO-006 Morten Jerven's Poor Numbers established direct contact with statisticians or stakeholders in 23 of the 48 countries of sub-Saharan Africa, by unstructured interview in…
- INTRO-008 The first edition claimed that forty per cent of Syria's national budget disappeared through corruption each year, and no audit, assessment or study behind it could be…
- GAZ-001 An online archive of the Syrian Official Gazette, run by The Syria Report, is browsable free and without a login by issue number, part and date; for the years whose…
- BUDGET-001 Article 1 of Law No. 37 of 2009 sets the appropriations of the Syrian general budget for the financial year 2010 at 754 billion Syrian pounds, and Article 2 estimates…
10 sources
- SRC-194 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic (الجريدة الرسمية), 2025, the archive's index and the pages for issues 21 and 22, part one
- SRC-258 Route audit, 18 August 2026: the Arabic original behind SRC-036, and the Central Organization for Financial Control's report for financial year 2022
- SRC-259 Syria TV, 104 مليارات ليرة.. ارتفاع السرقات بحكومة النظام السوري في عام بنسبة 400 في المئة, 13 April 2023, Arabic
- SRC-262 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic (الجريدة الرسمية), part one, the repeat of issue 1 of 2010, dated 6 January 2010, carrying Law No. 37 of 2009 on the…
- SRC-266 United Nations in the Syrian Arab Republic, Common Country Analysis: Syria 2025, published 31 March 2026, the analytical foundation for the UN Sustainable Development…
- SRC-430 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, 2026: the D-131 sweep of the gap bracketing the reported 20 March 2026 budget approval, run 30 August 2026 over…
- SRC-475 Central Organization for Financial Control, Syrian Arab Republic, official site cofc.gov.sy, retried 5 September 2026 for the body's own reports
- SRC-767 World Bank, 'خسائر الحرب: التبعات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للصراع في سوريا', Arabic publication page of The Toll of War
- SRC-778 Paul Richter, 'As Libya takes stock, Moammar Kadafi's hidden riches astound', Los Angeles Times, 21 October 2011
- SRC-844 Central Organization for Financial Control (الجهاز المركزي للرقابة المالية), تقرير عمل الجهاز المركزي للرقابة المالية 2025 (Work report of the Central Organization for…
Chapter 3: What Uncertainty Costs
7 claims
- CBAM-001 First annual declaration for 2026 imports is due February 2027
- CBAM-002 Every covered producer inherits origin-grid indirect emissions
- IMF-001 Resumption of Article IV consultations with Syria is conditioned on data availability and quality
- CH3-008 USD 7.6 billion is the higher of two competing estimates of the LIMIT of Iran's credit line to Syria, not a verifiable civilian component of any claim
- CH3-009 Documents reported leaked from Iran's foreign ministry put Syria's debt to Iran at USD 50 billion over ten years, military and civilian, with agreements covering USD 18…
- CBAM-003 Under Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956, as replaced by Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 and applying from 1 January 2026, a declarant whose embedded emissions are…
- CBAM-VER-001 As at 18 October 2026, verifiers accredited for CBAM activity group I (cement clinker, cement) exist in Italy (three, by Accredia's decision of 28 September 2026)…
37 sources
- SRC-011 Verified sources and corrections
- SRC-069 International Monetary Fund, Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board, National Summary Data Pages (NSDPs), Subscribing Countries, undated on its face
- SRC-070 Arab Monetary Fund, Annual Report 2024, section on Arrears
- SRC-071 World Bank, Syria Macro-Fiscal Assessment, June 2025, Middle East and North Africa Region
- SRC-073 International Monetary Fund, Public Information Notice, IMF Executive Board Concludes 2009 Article IV Consultation with the Syrian Arab Republic, in IMF Staff Country…
- SRC-075 Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023 establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism
- SRC-076 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2621 of 16 December 2025 on default values for embedded emissions under the carbon border adjustment mechanism
- SRC-077 John Cady, Does SDDS Subscription Reduce Borrowing Costs for Emerging Market Economies?, IMF Staff Papers Vol. 52 No. 3, 2005, pp. 503-517
- SRC-078 International Monetary Fund, Syrian Arab Republic: 2009 Article IV Consultation, Staff Report and Public Information Notice, Country Report No. 10/86, March 2010
- SRC-079 John Cady and Anthony Pellechio, Sovereign Borrowing Cost and the IMF's Data Standards Initiatives, IMF Working Paper WP/06/78, 2006
- SRC-080 Rachel Glennerster and Yongseok Shin, Does Transparency Pay?, IMF Staff Papers Vol. 55 No. 1, 2008, pp. 183-209
- SRC-081 Independent Evaluation Office of the IMF, Behind the Scenes with Data at the IMF: An IEO Evaluation, 2016
- SRC-082 European Commission, Synopsis report on the Calls for Evidence on the CBAM implementing acts
- SRC-083 European Commission, Call for Evidence for an initiative: CBAM implementation, rules on the methodology for calculating emissions embedded in CBAM goods, and the carbon…
- SRC-084 European Commission, Synopsis report on the Calls for Evidence on the implementing act on the carbon price paid in third countries for the definitive phase of the CBAM
- SRC-085 EUROMETAL, EC launches draft on CBAM carbon credit deductions, 18 May 2026
- SRC-086 Carlos de Resende and Franz Loyola, On the Effect of IMF Data Standards Initiatives: Do They Affect Foreign Direct Investment, Exchange Rate Volatility, and Sovereign…
- SRC-087 Eurelectric, Draft Implementing Regulation on carbon price paid in a third country under CBAM: Eurelectric Response, 9 June 2026
- SRC-088 European Commission, draft COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) .../... laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the conversion of…
- SRC-089 European Commission, ANNEXES 1 to 4 to the draft Commission Implementing Regulation on the carbon price paid in a third country under CBAM, published 13 May 2026
- SRC-090 Karam Shaar and Ali Fathollah-Nejad, 'Iran's credit line to Syria: A well that never runs dry', Atlantic Council IranSource
- SRC-091 Reporting of documents obtained in the 2023 hack of Iran's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, attributed to the group 'Uprising till Overthrow'; carried by Iran International…
- SRC-092 Statement attributed to Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani putting combined debt to Iran and Russia at about 30 billion dollars [THE WORDS THAT STOOD HERE ARE…
- SRC-094 Middle East Monitor, 'Leaked documents reveals size of Syria's debts to Iran', 11 August 2023
- SRC-498 Route audit: amf.org.ae, the Arab Monetary Fund's own website. TWO SAME-DAY RECORDS OF THIS HOST DISAGREE AND THE CONFLICT IS NAMED RATHER THAN RESOLVED
- SRC-558 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/2551 of 20 November 2025 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council by specifying the…
- SRC-559 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2546 of 10 December 2025 on the application of the principles for verification of declared embedded emissions pursuant to…
- SRC-560 Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 October 2025 amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the…
- SRC-561 European co-operation for Accreditation, National Accreditation Bodies that intend to provide accreditation of verifiers according to Commission Delegated Regulation…
- SRC-562 European Commission, Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union, State-of-play CBAM accreditation, 1 September 2026
- SRC-563 European Commission, Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union, Guidance on CBAM verification and accreditation for verifiers and National Accreditation Bodies…
- SRC-564 European Commission, Verification of CBAM emissions, taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu, as opened 7, 11 and 12 September 2026
- SRC-590 Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the…
- SRC-784 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1740 of 20 July 2026 correcting Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2621 as regards Annexes I and IV thereto
- SRC-840 Accredia (Ente Italiano di Accreditamento), Annexes CSACI to the accreditation certificates 00005 (RINA Services S.p.A., revision 011), 02242 (SGS ICS Italia S.r.l…
- SRC-841 Hellenic Accreditation System (ESYD), Annex V1/20 to the Certificate No. 874-9, scope of accreditation of EMICERT Certification Services S.A. as a Validation and…
- SRC-842 Swedac, register of accredited bodies, Intertek Certification AB, accreditation no. 1639, Validation and verification (SS-EN ISO/IEC 17029:2019), Verification of CBAM…
Chapter 4: Title, Land and Legitimacy
16 claims
- WAQF-001 More than half of the Hamidiyah souk is registered in the name of the religious endowment
- CH4-008 Pinheiro Principle 21.1 provides three alternative gateways to compensation in lieu of restitution, and knowing consent is one of them rather than a requirement
- GAZ-001 An online archive of the Syrian Official Gazette, run by The Syria Report, is browsable free and without a login by issue number, part and date; for the years whose…
- HLPSAVINGS-001 "[quotation withheld, 56 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 12 words; follow the citation]"""
- CH4-AOI-001 The Arab Opinion Index 2025 Syrian sample is 3,691 respondents in the published microdata and 3,690 in the fielding institution’s results announcement, and the survey is…
- CH4-AOI-002 Weighting the Arab Opinion Index Syrian data moves the share saying it makes no difference to them from 65.4 to 66.5 per cent, and the weight variation implies a design…
- CH4-AOI-003 The Arab Opinion Index published 84 per cent for Syrians believing people classify themselves and others by sect or religion (the first three of four scale points, in…
- TJ-001 As at 12 September 2026 the transitional justice law is a draft, discussed by the National Commission for Transitional Justice with members of the People's Assembly on…
- CH4-L33-001 "[quotation withheld, 119 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 14 words; follow the citation]""."
- CH4-L33-002 The Director-General of Real Estate Affairs, Abdul Karim Idris, stated on 15 February 2026 that about 95 per cent of the land eligible for ownership in Syria is…
- CH4-L33-003 "[quotation withheld, 98 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 21 words; follow the citation]""."
- CH4-PIN-157 Pinheiro Principle 15.7: states may, in situations of mass displacement where little documentary evidence exists as to ownership or rights of possession, adopt the…
- CH4-PIN-171 Pinheiro Principle 17.1: states should ensure secondary occupants are protected against arbitrary or unlawful forced eviction, and shall ensure that evictions deemed…
- CH4-PIN-212 Pinheiro Principle 21.2: restitution should be deemed factually impossible only in exceptional circumstances, namely when the housing, land or property is destroyed or…
- CH4-MAROTA-001 On Damascus Governorate's own account (statement of 5 May 2026 on its official channel), original owners' floor area in Marota City was to rise by 13.9 per cent and the…
- CH4-LATEST-001 [AMENDED 19 OCTOBER 2026 (CONSOLIDATED B-5, R-X-2), THE STRUCK WORDING QUOTED: 'The most recent evidence the chapter holds for the Homs Dream is December 2019 (the…
104 sources
- SRC-011 Verified sources and corrections
- SRC-095 Human Rights Watch, 'Q&A: Syria's New Property Law'
- SRC-096 Syrian Arab News Agency, announcement of Law No. 42 of 2018 amending Law No. 10 of 2018 and Legislative Decree No. 66 of 2012
- SRC-097 Syrian People's Assembly legal database, cited by SNHR footnote 17 for Article 2 of Law 10 of 2018
- SRC-098 OHCHR, UN-Habitat, UNHCR, FAO, NRC and IDMC, Handbook on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons: Implementing the Pinheiro Principles
- SRC-099 Syrians for Truth and Justice, 'Syria: Qaboun and Harasta Zoning Decree No. 237 Hails New Series of Property Confiscations near Damascus'
- SRC-100 The Syria Report, Housing, Land and Property portal, hlp.syria-report.com, English and Arabic
- SRC-101 Reporting on the al-Sumariyeh (السومرية) district of Damascus, August 2025, including al-Akhbar and Hashtag Syria
- SRC-102 Syrians for Truth and Justice, 'Forced Evictions in the al-Sumaria Neighborhood of Damascus: Disregard for Property Deeds and Violations Against Alawite Families'
- SRC-103 The Syria Report, 'السكن العسكري في دمشق بعد سقوط النظام بين الانتهاكات والغموض القانوني'
- SRC-104 The Syria Report and others on the Homs Dream project and the Baba Amr, al-Sultaniyeh and Jobar plan
- SRC-105 Noor Hamadeh, 'Syria's Economy and Accountability', Just Security
- SRC-106 Syria Indicator team, 'Investigation: How Marota City project left around 30,000 people homeless', Enab Baladi
- SRC-107 The Syria Report, 'Backlash Over Reconstruction Plan for Jobar and Qaboun'
- SRC-108 Walid Al Nofal, 'Reconstruction plan for eastern Damascus neighborhoods alarms residents', Syria Direct
- SRC-109 The Syria Report, 'Explained: How Law No. 23 of 2015 Authorises Property Seizure During Zoning'
- SRC-110 The Syria Report, 'Damascus Governorate Issues Detailed Zoning Plan for Jobar'
- SRC-111 The Syria Report, 'Damascus Moves Ahead with Zoning of its Northern Entrance'
- SRC-112 The Syria Report, 'Explained: Ministry of Endowments Properties'
- SRC-113 The Syria Report, 'Explained: Leasing Endowment Properties'
- SRC-114 The Syria Report, 'Ministry of Endowments Removes Some Endowment Rights from Properties'
- SRC-115 The Syria Report, 'Explained: The Destruction of Buildings Under the Rubble Removal Law'
- SRC-116 Reuters, Feras Dalatey with additional reporting by Maggie Michael, 'How Syrian forces emptied Alawite suburb: X means stay, O means go', read on Al-Monitor's carriage…
- SRC-117 Basil Al-Mohannadi, Al Jazeera, on Syrian endowments between plunder and recovery
- SRC-118 RT Arabic, on the Syrian endowments ministry seeking the Ottoman archive, quoting deputy minister Samer Beirqdar
- SRC-119 Syrian Arab News Agency, on the investment reforms under Presidential Decree No. 114 of 2025
- SRC-120 Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, 'International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law violations committed…
- SRC-121 Al Modon, on the Syrian endowments ministry's Ottoman archive request
- SRC-122 Enab Baladi, on the Jobar and al-Qaboun reconstruction plan, 19 April 2026
- SRC-123 Kemal H. Karpat, Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics, Turkish and Ottoman Studies
- SRC-124 Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, 'Violations against civilians in the coastal and western-central regions of the Syrian Arab…
- SRC-125 Law No. 23 of 2015 on the implementation of urban planning and city development, full text as published by the Syrian Arab News Agency
- SRC-126 Law No. 31 of 2018 regulating the work of the Ministry of Endowments, full text, Syrian Memory archive
- SRC-127 Legislative Decree No. 66 of 2012 creating two regulatory zones within Damascus governorate, full text on The Syria Report's housing, land and property portal
- SRC-128 Enab Baladi, 'إعمار جوبر والقابون.. استثمار يثير مخاوف السكان'
- SRC-129 Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, 'Arab Opinion Index: Syria 2025', results announcement, with the Arab Center for Contemporary Syria Studies
- SRC-130 Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Arab Opinion Index 2024-2025 codebook, including the Syria-specific items
- SRC-131 Atlantic Council, SyriaSource, 'Decree 66 and the Impact of its National Expansion'
- SRC-132 ALNAP, 'Baba Amr: Neighbourhood profile'
- SRC-133 Syria Deeply / The New Humanitarian, 'In Homs, Assad Accused of Using Military for Urban Planning'
- SRC-134 Enab Baladi, 'كيف يسهم القانون (31) لعام 2018 بانتهاك الملكية العقارية الوقفية؟'
- SRC-135 Free Syrian Lawyers Association, 'المرسوم 66 لعام 2012 أداة الأسد القانونية للاستيلاء على أملاك السوريين'
- SRC-136 Dr M. Laffah, teaching notes on Law No. 23 of 2015, hosted by Manara University
- SRC-154 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, E/CN.4/Sub.2/2005/17, 28 June 2005: Housing and property…
- SRC-157 Report of the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on its fifty-seventh session, E/CN.4/2006/2 and E/CN.4/Sub.2/2005/44, containing resolution…
- SRC-158 Explanatory Notes to the Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons, E/CN.4/Sub.2/2005/17/Add.1, 11 July 2005
- SRC-194 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic (الجريدة الرسمية), 2025, the archive's index and the pages for issues 21 and 22, part one
- SRC-261 Route audit: Syrian legal repositories, and whether any has been read or searched for a repealing instrument
- SRC-382 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic (الجريدة الرسمية), 2025 volume
- SRC-463 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, 2026: thirty-one issues, being 1, 2 and 4 to 32, the whole of what the archive had published for that year on 4…
- SRC-505 Syrian People's Assembly (مجلس الشعب), legal database, laws and decrees listing (مراسيم وقوانين), as captured by the Internet Archive between December 2024 and January…
- SRC-509 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Local Administration and Environment, official website, news, work reports, circulars, decisions and laws pages, August 2025 to…
- SRC-566 Syrian Arab Republic, Presidency of the Republic, Decree No. 20 of 2025 forming the National Commission for Transitional Justice (الهيئة الوطنية للعدالة الانتقالية)…
- SRC-567 Syrian Arab Republic, Constitutional Declaration of 13 March 2025, Articles 48 and 49 (transitional justice), Official Gazette 2025, issue 7 supplement, part one…
- SRC-568 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), reports on the National Commission for Transitional Justice and the Fourth Criminal Court, Damascus: 17 May 2026 (one year on), 15 June…
- SRC-569 "[quotation withheld, 6 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 10 words; follow the citation]"", 22 February 2026"
- SRC-570 "Syrians for Truth and Justice, ""[quotation withheld, 13 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 12 words; follow the citation]"
- SRC-571 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Endowments (وزارة الأوقاف), official website, as at 13 September 2026, and its archived predecessor's list of circulars, statements and…
- SRC-572 Syrian Ministry of Endowments, official Telegram channel (SyMOfE), posts to 11 September 2026
- SRC-573 Damascus Endowments Directorate (مديرية أوقاف دمشق), official website: 'مهام شعبة الواردات' and 'قسم القضايا' (16 January 2012), the Mobilink lease cancellation (1…
- SRC-574 Syrian Arab Republic, Civil Code, Legislative Decree No. 84 of 1949, Articles 597, 998 and 1004 to 1025, in an unofficial transcription of 150 pages carrying the name of…
- SRC-575 "Yasser Ayyash, ""حق الإجارتين والإجارة الطويلة""[quotation withheld, 9 words; follow the citation]"
- SRC-576 "[quotation withheld, 15 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 8 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 9 words; follow the citation]""قواعد…
- SRC-577 The Syria Report, 'Ministry of Endowments is Reappraising Endowment Properties and Raising Rents', Alicia Medina, 5 August 2025
- SRC-578 The Syria Report, 'وزارة الأوقاف ترفع إيجارات 34 ألف عقار وقفي', Jihad Yazigi, 11 November 2025, and the English 'Religious Endowments Ministry is Raising Rents on…
- SRC-579 Syria TV, 'الوقف العثماني في سوريا.. كيف يعيد القانون رسم إرثٍ تاريخي بعد سقوط النظام؟', 16 April 2026
- SRC-580 al-Watan (صحيفة الوطن), 'وزير الأوقاف: إيرادات عقارات الأوقاف زادت 5 ملايين دولار ونتوقع زيادتها إلى 12 مليوناً هذا العام', Mahmoud al-Saleh, 7 September 2026
- SRC-581 al-Quds al-Arabi, 'الأوقاف السورية تعيد تخمين آلاف العقارات المؤجرة… وقلق من الإخلاء', Janbulat Shakay, 7 August 2025
- SRC-583 Syrian Initiative for Basic Rights (المبادرة السورية للحقوق الأساسية), 'مشروع قانون العدالة الانتقالية في سوريا: تحليل نقدي للثغرات البنيوية وتوصيات للتطوير التشريعي'…
- SRC-604 Syrian Arab Republic, Law No. 33 of 2017 on the reconstitution of damaged real estate documents (إعادة تكوين الوثائق العقارية المتضررة), passed by the People's Assembly…
- SRC-607 Protection Cluster (Syria), 'Emergency response to Housing Land and Property issues in Syria', briefing note, 30 January 2013, four pages, as carried by ReliefWeb
- SRC-610 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, issue 3 of 2023, dated 18 January 2023, gazette page 47 (PDF page 9): Ministry of Endowments (وزارة الأوقاف)…
- SRC-611 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, issue 37 of 2021, dated 29 September 2021, gazette page 601 (PDF page 5): Presidency of the Republic, Decree No…
- SRC-616 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 5, part one, 4 February 2026, 71 pages, and issue 6, part one, 11 February 2026, 31 pages
- SRC-617 Syrian Arab Republic, Law No. 3 of 2018 on the removal of the rubble of buildings damaged by natural or unnatural causes or subject to laws ordering their demolition…
- SRC-618 Syrian Arab Republic, Investment Law No. 18 of 2021 (قانون الاستثمار رقم 18 لعام 2021), passed by the People's Assembly on 19 April 2021, in the copy held by FAOLEX, the…
- SRC-619 Syrian Arab Republic, Presidency of the Republic, Decree No. 114 of 2025 amending certain articles of Investment Law No. 18 of 2021 (مرسوم رقم /114/ بموجب المرسوم رقم…
- SRC-691 Syrian Legal Development Programme (SLDP), 'Marota City Is Not a Model for Syria's Reconstruction', blog post, 1 March 2026
- SRC-692 Syrian Legal Development Programme (SLDP), [quotation withheld, 12 words; follow the citation], narrative report of a workshop held in Damascus on 1 and 2 December 2025…
- SRC-760 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 33, part one, dated 26 August 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria Report's…
- SRC-761 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 33, part two, dated 27 August 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria Report's…
- SRC-762 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 34, part one, dated 2 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-763 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 34, part two, dated 3 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-764 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 35, part one, dated 9 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-765 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 35, part two, dated 10 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-766 The Syria Report, online archive of the Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, listing of the 2026 issues as served on 28 September 2026 (72 titles, issue 1 to…
- SRC-774 Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, 'The 2024-2025 Arab Opinion Index', press release (regional, fifteen countries), Doha
- SRC-775 Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, 'The 2025 Arab Opinion Index in Brief' (regional)
- SRC-804 Syriac Press, 'Alawites in Daramsuq (Damascus) face forced displacement', 31 August 2025
- SRC-805 The Associated Press, 'Alawite families flee Damascus suburb after violence and eviction threats', 31 August 2025, as carried by CTV News
- SRC-806 General Secretariat of the Presidency of the Republic (الأمانة العامة لرئاسة الجمهورية), decision of 4 December 2025, number 140/ق (partly handwritten), forming a…
- SRC-807 SANA, 'محافظة دمشق تعيد تقييم المرسوم 66 نحو عدالة مجتمعية وعمرانية', 20 October 2025, the Governor of Damascus's press statement on Decree 66
- SRC-808 Damascus Governorate, 'بيان حول منطقتي المرسوم 66 "ماروتا وباسيليا سيتي"', statement of 5 May 2026, six pages, on its official Telegram channel; with SANA's reports of 5…
- SRC-809 Damascus Governorate, official Telegram channel: rent-allowance payment notices of 12 May, 26 May and 20 July 2026, and the alternative-housing posts of 6 June and 11…
- SRC-810 Damascus Governorate, official Telegram channel, 26 June 2026: memorandum of understanding with the Joint Group for Contracting, Sarh Holding and Damascus Cham Holding…
- SRC-811 Cham Bank (بنك الشام), official Telegram channel, post 1631, 14 September 2026: memorandum of understanding with Damascus Cham for Management on financing purchases of…
- SRC-812 Enab Baladi, 'لجنة مالكي “ماروتا” و”باسيليا” ترفض قرارات محافظة دمشق', 6 May 2026; and 'دمشق.. متضررو المرسوم “66” يحتجون على قرارات المحافظة', 8 May 2026
- SRC-813 Syria TV (تلفزيون سوريا), 'ماروتا سيتي بين تعديلات المرسوم 66 ومطالب الأهالي.. حقوق عالقة وحلول غير مكتملة', 16 August 2026
- SRC-814 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36 (part one, the supplement to part one, part two), as served by The Syria Report's online archive on 16…
- SRC-855 Rif Dimashq Governorate, Decision No. 4520/ق of 14 July 2026 (قرار رقم /4520/ق تاريخ 14/7/2026), declaring the cadastral area of al-Hajar al-Aswad and its damaged…
- SRC-856 Syrian Investment Authority (هيئة الاستثمار السورية), Decision No. 95/م.س/1 of 3 September 2026, extending the establishment period of a tourist transport project held…
- SRC-857 al-Ouruba (العروبة), Homs daily of the al-Wahda press establishment, 'مخطط تنظيمي معدل لبابا عمرو.. رؤية عمرانية تراعي الخدمات وحقوق الملكيات', 2 September 2026
- SRC-870 The Syria Report, online archive of the Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, listing of the 2026 issues as served on 18 October 2026 (75 titles, issue 1 to…
- SRC-871 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, part one, dated 16 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
Chapter 5: The State's File
18 claims
- FISCAL-001 GDP, revenue, expenditure and hydrocarbon share form one consistent fiscal picture
- FISCAL-002 Syria's 2025 fiscal surplus reflects improved administration and revenue recovery
- IMF-001 Resumption of Article IV consultations with Syria is conditioned on data availability and quality
- CBSY-001 Mohammad Safwat Raslan is Governor of the Central Bank of Syria
- DEBT-001 No reconciled Syrian external debt baseline exists or is being produced
- INTRO-008 The first edition claimed that forty per cent of Syria's national budget disappeared through corruption each year, and no audit, assessment or study behind it could be…
- CH3-008 USD 7.6 billion is the higher of two competing estimates of the LIMIT of Iran's credit line to Syria, not a verifiable civilian component of any claim
- CH3-009 Documents reported leaked from Iran's foreign ministry put Syria's debt to Iran at USD 50 billion over ten years, military and civilian, with agreements covering USD 18…
- CH5-001 Decrees 112 and 113 of 2025 specify different transparency machinery on the same day, on the same authority: 112 requires audit by neutral accounting firms and…
- CH5-002 A state assessment of why buildings collapsed in the 6 February 2023 earthquake was carried out by five-member committees in four governorates. What this book holds is a…
- SEIS-001 Chapter 5's reading of the 2013 earthquake appendix: that section 3-4-1 requires every site to be classified into a soil profile model on documented geological data…
- CH5-003 On 22 August 2026 the Syrian Sovereign Fund's deputy director general published a signed public statement answering the transparency question by giving Decree 113's…
- SHAM-001 An application called Sham Cash is the vehicle for all Syrian state salaries, is not recognised as a bank, and the funds do not pass through the Central Bank of Syria or…
- FISCAL-004 The Ministry of Finance's summary of 2025 (dated March 2026, released 7 April 2026) gives preliminary actual revenue of US$3,493 million against spending of US$3,447…
- CH5-004 Under Legislative Decree No. 80 of 2010, striking off from the Syndicate register is a severe disciplinary penalty for an engineer (Art. 67(b)(3)); disciplinary offences…
- FISCAL-005 The World Bank's Macro Poverty Outlook puts Syria's overall fiscal balance at minus 7.7, minus 5.1 and plus 1.4 per cent of GDP for 2023, 2024 and 2025 in its April 2026…
- CH5-005 The Central Organization for Financial Control's own work report for 2025 (cover dated 31 March 2026, posted 17 September 2026) gives about 680 billion pounds and more…
- CH5-006 On 18 October 2026, as SANA printed it that day, Decree No. 191 of 2026 named Omar Samer al-Halabi chairman of the board of the Sovereign Fund, which it says was formed…
74 sources
- SRC-011 Verified sources and corrections
- SRC-012 Fact-check of Syrian macroeconomic, fiscal, demographic and humanitarian figures
- SRC-137 Syrian Center for Policy Research, Public Budgeting in Transitional Syria
- SRC-138 International Monetary Fund, Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board, Syrian Arab Republic: Summary of Dissemination Practices, Enhanced General Data Dissemination System
- SRC-139 International Monetary Fund, National Summary Data Pages, alphabetical list of participants
- SRC-140 Abdullah al-Jabassini and Joseph Daher, Anti-corruption efforts in Syria: security sector reform and economic governance, U4 Issue 2026:1, Chr. Michelsen Institute
- SRC-141 U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre, Syria's delicate balance: performative reform vs. systemic change, blog
- SRC-142 Syrian Sovereign Fund, official website, English
- SRC-143 SANA, Presidential Decree establishing a sovereign fund to implement direct development and production projects
- SRC-144 The Syria Report, Presidential Decree Number 117 of 2025: Appointment of Director General of the Syrian Development Fund
- SRC-145 Directive 2007/66/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2007 amending Council Directives 89/665/EEC and 92/13/EEC as regards improving the…
- SRC-146 World Bank, Fighting Corruption in Public Services: Chronicling Georgia's Reforms, 2012
- SRC-147 Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index 2025, full report
- SRC-148 SANA, Syria accelerates nationwide digital transformation across public institutions
- SRC-149 World Bank, Macro Poverty Outlook, Syrian Arab Republic, April 2026
- SRC-150 The Syria Report, In Focus: The Fate of the 54 Economic MoUs and Agreements Signed in 2026
- SRC-151 Karam Shaar Advisory, Syria's post-war economic architecture: centralization, funds, and reform
- SRC-152 The Syria Report, Presidential Decree Number 113 of 2025: Establishing Syria's Sovereign Fund
- SRC-153 Decree No. 113 of 2025 establishing the Sovereign Fund, Presidency of the Syrian Arab Republic, Arabic text as published by the fund
- SRC-155 Al Jazeera Net, interview with the head of the Central Organization for Financial Control, Syria, 9 July 2026
- SRC-156 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Law in Transition 2025, The impact of the Prozorro procurement system on the Ukrainian economy
- SRC-159 Karam Shaar Advisory, Transparency of the Syrian Sovereign Fund: initial steps and many shortcomings, Syria in Figures issue 18, by Mulham Aljazmaty, Arabic
- SRC-160 The Syria Report, housing land and property service, Explained: Earthquake Resistance in Syria's Construction Code
- SRC-161 Syrian Seismic Code 2004, English translation by Eng. Hussam Eldein Zaineh of the National Earthquake Centre, hosted by the International Institute of Seismology and…
- SRC-162 The Syria Report, housing land and property service, Explained: Issues with the Syrian Construction Code's Earthquakes Appendix
- SRC-163 World Housing Encyclopedia, Syrian Arab Republic, reinforced concrete construction report, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
- SRC-164 Enab Baladi, Syria: a decree establishes the Development Fund for reconstruction, reporting Decree 112 of 2025
- SRC-165 Decree No. 112 of 2025 establishing the Development Fund, Presidency of the Syrian Arab Republic, Arabic text, fifteen articles
- SRC-166 The Syria Report, housing land and property service, In response to the earthquake disaster the Syrian Engineers Syndicate recommends amending the building code…
- SRC-167 Syrian Arab Code, earthquake appendix, second version 2013, issued by the Syrian Engineers Syndicate
- SRC-168 Syrian Arab Code for the Design and Implementation of Reinforced Concrete Structures, fourth edition, Damascus 2012, Syrian Engineers Syndicate
- SRC-169 Syrian Arab Code, Appendix 1, loads on buildings, Syrian Engineers Syndicate
- SRC-170 Syrian Engineers Syndicate, lecture set on evaluating and rehabilitating existing structures, including inspection and monitoring of existing buildings, repair of…
- SRC-194 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic (الجريدة الرسمية), 2025, the archive's index and the pages for issues 21 and 22, part one
- SRC-198 Karam Shaar Advisory, Initial Steps by Syria's Sovereign Fund Toward Transparency, but Much is Still Lacking, Syria in Figures issue 18, May 2026, English edition…
- SRC-276 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Finance, Citizen Budget 2026 (موازنة المواطن 2026), 52 pages, Arabic, published at the ministry's own documents address
- SRC-431 Mohammad Abdullah al-Far (@alfarMoh81), public statement on the Syrian Sovereign Fund and transparency, X, 22 August 2026, 17:42 UTC; press coverage describes the author…
- SRC-432 Karam Shaar, public post of 30 August 2026 on the Syrian Sovereign Fund's transparency, responding to the deputy general manager's 22 August statement
- SRC-433 Al-Quds al-Arabi, 'The Syrian Sovereign Fund launches its official website' («الصندوق السيادي السوري» يطلق موقعه الرسمي), Damascus dateline, 26 June 2026
- SRC-434 Syrian Sovereign Fund, official website, Arabic and English editions, re-read 30 August 2026 against the reading of 16 and 17 August 2026 that Chapter 5 records
- SRC-440 Zeinab Ismail, 'Sham Cash Under Scrutiny: A Forensic Analysis of Syria's New E-Wallet', SMEX, 17 April 2025
- SRC-441 Haid Haid, 'Sham Cash: The problem with Syria's new digital salary app', Al Majalla, last updated 12 May 2025
- SRC-445 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2026, Highlights; Impact of drug use on safety and security; and Methodological Annex
- SRC-446 Leila Molana-Allen and Abdul Razzaq Al-Shami, 'How the Assad regime made billions producing and exporting party drugs', PBS NewsHour, 26 December 2024
- SRC-477 Record of the reading of the decree sections of every 2026 part-one document this book holds, completed 5 September 2026: thirty-one issues and the supplements to issues…
- SRC-479 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, part two: 25 Arabic part twos held for 2026, issues 5, 6, 9, 10 and 12 to 32, 6,887 pages, of which 24, at 6,684…
- SRC-595 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 16, part one, 22 April 2026, pages 165 to 167 and following: Presidential Decree No. 44 of 17 February 2026…
- SRC-616 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 5, part one, 4 February 2026, 71 pages, and issue 6, part one, 11 February 2026, 31 pages
- SRC-624 Syrian Sovereign Fund, official website, Arabic edition (الصندوق السيادي السوري), as served 21 September 2026: the home page and the media-centre item of 2 August 2026…
- SRC-641 World Bank, 'منحة جديدة بقيمة 20 مليون دولار لتعزيز إدارة المالية العامة…', Arabic press release, 11 March 2026
- SRC-705 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Finance, موجز عن الأداء المالي للخزينة العامة للدولة عن 2025 (Summary of the financial performance of the state general treasury for…
- SRC-760 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 33, part one, dated 26 August 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria Report's…
- SRC-761 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 33, part two, dated 27 August 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria Report's…
- SRC-762 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 34, part one, dated 2 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-763 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 34, part two, dated 3 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-764 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 35, part one, dated 9 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-765 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 35, part two, dated 10 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-766 The Syria Report, online archive of the Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, listing of the 2026 issues as served on 28 September 2026 (72 titles, issue 1 to…
- SRC-771 Syrian Center for Policy Research, 'المالية العامة في سوريا الانتقالية: فائض محاسبي، وعجز في الدور التنموي للدولة، وإعادة إنتاج التفاوت', Arabic edition, 15 April 2026
- SRC-793 World Bank, Macro Poverty Outlook, Syrian Arab Republic, October 2026
- SRC-794 World Bank, Syria Public Financial Management Capacity Strengthening Project (P512516), Project Information Document, Appraisal Stage, Report No. PIDIA01492, 27 January…
- SRC-795 World Bank, Project Appraisal Document on a proposed grant in the amount of SDR 14.5 million (US$20 million equivalent) to the Syrian Arab Republic for a Syria Public…
- SRC-796 World Bank, 'New $20 Million Grant to Enhance Public Financial Management for Syria's Recovery and Development', press release, Washington, 11 March 2026
- SRC-797 The Syria Report, housing land and property service, 'Engineers' Syndicate Recommends Amending Building Code after Earthquake', Rand Shamaa, 22 November 2023
- SRC-798 Al-Thawra (Damascus), 'تقرير نهائي للجان الكشف على الأبنية المتضررة بالزلزال' (A final report of the committees inspecting buildings damaged by the earthquake), 7 May…
- SRC-799 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'مناقشة متطلبات تنفيذ الكودات الهندسية خلال اجتماع في وزارة الإسكان', 15 March 2023
- SRC-800 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'وزير الأشغال العامة: التعديلات الجديدة على الكود الهندسي السوري تعزز السلامة الإنشائية للأبنية', 28 August 2023
- SRC-801 Al-Thawra (Damascus), 'تطوير الكود الهندسي لمواجهة الزلزال' (Developing the engineering code to face earthquakes), 28 August 2023
- SRC-802 Al-Thawra (Damascus), 'الكودات الهندسية في سوريا.. المعايير موجودة والتحدي في التطبيق' (Engineering codes in Syria: the standards exist and the challenge is in…
- SRC-803 Legislative Decree No. 80 of 2010, on the practice of the engineering profession (أحكام مزاولة مهنة الهندسة), 30 September 2010
- SRC-844 Central Organization for Financial Control (الجهاز المركزي للرقابة المالية), تقرير عمل الجهاز المركزي للرقابة المالية 2025 (Work report of the Central Organization for…
- SRC-845 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'مرسوم بتعيين عمر سامر الحلبي مستشاراً للشؤون الاقتصادية لدى رئاسة الجمهورية', 18 October 2026, with the full text of Decree No. 191 of…
- SRC-871 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, part one, dated 16 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-873 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, part two, dated 17 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
Chapter 6: The Payment System
15 claims
- CBSY-001 Mohammad Safwat Raslan is Governor of the Central Bank of Syria
- ENFORCE-001 No lender's remedy against Syria can be described
- FSIA-001 Syria is denied sovereign immunity and any reachable asset is exposed
- NORWAY-001 Norway exclusion removal indicates ESG allocation to Syrian bonds
- OWNERSHIP-001 Non-Syrian ownership of a Syrian private bank is capped at 49 per cent, raisable to 60 per cent by a Council of Ministers decision on the Credit and Monetary Council's…
- DEPOSIT-001 The Central Bank of Syria has decided to establish a deposit guarantee institution; no scheme is in operation and the establishment procedures are not complete
- GAZ-001 An online archive of the Syrian Official Gazette, run by The Syria Report, is browsable free and without a login by issue number, part and date; for the years whose…
- SST-001 SUPERSEDED 24 AUGUST 2026 AND THE DESIGNATION WAS RESCINDED. What this row recorded, as at 23 August 2026, was that syria remains designated a State Sponsor of Terrorism…
- HTS-001 Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham, formerly al-Nusrah Front, carries no organisation-level terrorism designation in the United States, the United Nations or the United Kingdom as at…
- SST-002 The United States rescinded Syria's State Sponsor of Terrorism designation on 24 August 2026 and Syria was gone from the department's published list by 25 August 2026…
- SHAM-001 An application called Sham Cash is the vehicle for all Syrian state salaries, is not recognised as a bank, and the funds do not pass through the Central Bank of Syria or…
- CORR-001 By its closing date of 17 September 2026 this book had not found a live commercial correspondent relationship between a Syrian bank and a foreign bank, named, with a…
- SHAHBA-001 On 17 September 2026 Estithmar Holding disclosed to the Qatar Stock Exchange the completion of the transfer of a 48.68 per cent stake in Shahba Bank to Masaref Holding…
- CAESAR-001 A report to Congress under section 8369(b) of Public Law 119-60, dated 26 June 2026, is cited by the ranking members of the Senate Foreign Relations and Banking…
- CARD-001 International card acceptance in Syria is dated three ways: a Central Bank decision of 4 May 2026 (the permission), trade reports of a connection, a trial and one bank…
133 sources
- SRC-006 FATF Jurisdictions under Increased Monitoring, 19 June 2026
- SRC-011 Verified sources and corrections
- SRC-071 World Bank, Syria Macro-Fiscal Assessment, June 2025, Middle East and North Africa Region
- SRC-171 Executive Order 14312 of 30 June 2025, Providing for the Revocation of Syria Sanctions, 90 FR 29395-29399, published 3 July 2025
- SRC-172 Notice of 30 September 2025, Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Situation in and in Relation to Syria, 90 FR 47967
- SRC-173 Office of Foreign Assets Control, Syrian Sanctions Regulations, final rule removing 31 CFR part 542, 90 FR 41505, effective 26 August 2025
- SRC-174 Office of Foreign Assets Control, Amendment to the Syria-Related Sanctions Regulations, final rule, 31 CFR part 569 renamed the Promoting Accountability for Assad and…
- SRC-175 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Public Law 119-60, section 8369, Repeal of Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019, 139 Stat. 1905-1906…
- SRC-176 United States Department of State, State Sponsors of Terrorism, list page
- SRC-177 United States Department of State, Syria Sanctions, programme page
- SRC-178 Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1098 of 27 May 2025 amending Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, OJ L, 2025/1098…
- SRC-179 Council Regulation (EU) 2025/407 of 24 February 2025 amending Regulation (EU) No 36/2012
- SRC-180 Council of the European Union, press release, Syria: Council renews restrictive measures targeting the former al-Assad regime for one year and de-lists certain entities…
- SRC-181 European Commission, Frequently Asked Questions, EU sanctions concerning Syria, November 2025 update
- SRC-182 The Syria (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, SI 2019/792, Part 3 (Finance), revised text as in force
- SRC-183 Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 of 18 January 2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria and repealing Regulation (EU) No 442/2011, OJ L…
- SRC-184 The Syria (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) Regulations 2025, SI 2025/507, made 23 April 2025, in force 25 April 2025
- SRC-185 The Syria (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) Regulations 2026, SI 2026/436, made 20 April 2026, in force 22 April 2026
- SRC-186 SANA, Syria's Central Bank resumes SWIFT operations after 14-year halt, 21 November 2025
- SRC-187 Reuters, via Arab News, Syria completes first global SWIFT transfer since war, 19 June 2025
- SRC-188 Al-Monitor, Syria sends first Swift message to New York Fed, central bank governor says, November 2025
- SRC-189 SP Today, Bimera Completes Syria's First Visa-Mastercard Trial Payment in 15 Years, May 2026
- SRC-190 Barlaman Today, Syria Rejoins Visa, Mastercard Networks After 15-Year Financial Isolation, 11 May 2026
- SRC-191 World Bank, press release, Syria: World Bank Approves US$100 Million Grant for Financial Sector Modernization, 7 August 2026, project P517399
- SRC-192 Doing Business in Syria Investor Guide: Banking Sector, drafted April 2026, funded by the US Department of State, implemented by Creative Associates International with…
- SRC-193 AGBI, Economists issue warning on Syria's ailing banks, August 2026
- SRC-195 Council Decision (CFSP) 2026/1105 of 18 May 2026 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, OJ L, 2026/1105…
- SRC-196 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1107 of 18 May 2026 implementing Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria
- SRC-197 Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2026/1106 of 18 May 2026 implementing Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria
- SRC-199 Office of Foreign Assets Control, Frequently Asked Questions 1220, 1221 and 1223 on the Executive Order of 30 June 2025, all released 30 June 2025
- SRC-200 SANA, Syria, Türkiye move to establish correspondent banking relations, 10 April 2026
- SRC-201 Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, Exception to Prohibition Imposed by Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act against the Commercial Bank of Syria, issued 23 May 2025
- SRC-202 Basic Monetary Law, Law No. 23 of 2002, Syrian Arab Republic, Arabic, published by the Central Bank of Syria
- SRC-203 Law No. 28 of 2001 on the establishment of private banks, Syrian Arab Republic, Arabic, six pages, published by the Central Bank of Syria
- SRC-204 Combating Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Commission, Syrian Arab Republic (هيئة مكافحة غسل الأموال وتمويل الإرهاب), official site cmlc.gov.sy
- SRC-205 Combating Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Commission, Annual Report 2024 (التقرير السنوي لعام 2024), 41 pages, Arabic, published September 2025; and Annual…
- SRC-206 Combating Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Commission, circulars to financial and banking institutions (التعاميم), index
- SRC-207 Combating Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Commission, the AML decree chain: executive instructions to Decree 33 and its amendments (decision 1311 of 28 April…
- SRC-208 Combating Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Commission, three circulars on customer identification documents: no. ص/958/18 of 30 September 2024, no. ص/18/97 of 23…
- SRC-209 Combating Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Commission, Decision No. 19 of 2019, the system for monitoring banking and financial operations in banking and…
- SRC-210 United States Department of State, Sanctions and Export Controls Relief for Syria, advisory, three pages
- SRC-211 Bureau of Industry and Security, Relaxing Export Controls for Syria, final rule, 90 FR, published 2 September 2025
- SRC-212 Office of Foreign Assets Control, General Licence No. 25, Authorizing Transactions Prohibited by the Syrian Sanctions Regulations or Involving Certain Blocked Persons…
- SRC-213 31 CFR 1010.653, Special measures against Commercial Bank of Syria, current text on the electronic Code of Federal Regulations
- SRC-214 Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012, consolidated texts as at 26 February 2025 and as at 29 May 2025
- SRC-215 House Document 119-168, Certification of Rescission of Syria's Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism, communication from the President transmitted 8 July 2026…
- SRC-216 United States Department of State, Initiating Rescission Process of Syria's Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism, Office of the Spokesperson, July 2026
- SRC-217 SANA, For the first time since 2011: CBS restores financial ties with US Treasury, 10 March 2026; and Syria praises U.S. support for reactivating Central Bank's Fed…
- SRC-218 The National, Syria hopes 'last milestone' for global financial reconnection is within reach, 21 April 2026
- SRC-219 SANA, Syria Central Bank, Bank of Canada agree on opening account following sanctions lift
- SRC-220 Karam Shaar Advisory, two pages on Syrian private banking, retrieved for the private-bank equity question
- SRC-221 15 CFR 734.4, De minimis U.S. content, Export Administration Regulations
- SRC-222 Office of Foreign Assets Control, General License No. 24, Authorizing Transactions with Governing Institutions in Syria and Certain Transactions Related to Energy and…
- SRC-223 United States Department of State, Caesar Act Waiver Certification, 23 May 2025, signed Secretary Rubio; and Providing Sanctions Relief for the Syrian People, press…
- SRC-224 United States Department of State, Determination to Suspend the Imposition of Sanctions Pursuant to the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019, 6 November 2025…
- SRC-225 Qatar News Agency, Estithmar Holding Acquires 49% of Syria's Shahba Bank, Damascus, 26 April 2026, reporting the company statement published on the website of the Qatar…
- SRC-226 Nadim Kawach, Syria aims to double number of banks to 30, AGBI, 11 November 2025, reporting comments by the Governor of the Central Bank of Syria to Asharq Business
- SRC-227 Enab Baladi, Sharaa Appoints Safwat Raslan Central Bank Governor, 16 May 2026; and Reuters via Arab News, Syria appoints Safwat Raslan as central bank governor, Husriyeh…
- SRC-228 Mandat for forvaltningen av Statens pensjonsfond utland, forskrift 8 November 2010 nr. 1414, section 1-3, Lovdata
- SRC-229 Gwladys Fouche, Reuters, Norway to lift ban on wealth fund investments in Syrian bonds, document shows, 14 April 2026, carried by Global Banking and Finance Review; with…
- SRC-230 Visa, Visa and Central Bank of Syria agree on strategic roadmap to build digital payments ecosystem and drive financial inclusion, Damascus, 4 December 2025
- SRC-231 Visa, Visa Advances Payments Modernization in Syria with Inaugural Conference and Central Bank Workshop, Damascus, 11 February 2026
- SRC-232 Mastercard, QNB and Mastercard expand payment services in Syria, newsroom press release, January 2026, read through the Zawya carriage
- SRC-233 Caroline Rose, The Future of the Illicit Captagon Drug Trade, CTC Sentinel, Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, October 2025, volume 18 issue 10
- SRC-234 Selma Mhaoud, Sana Sbouai, Ahmed Ashour and Ali Al Ibrahim, Captagon Drug Networks Adapt and Survive in Middle East After Assad's Fall, OCCRP with ARIJ and SIRAJ, 22…
- SRC-235 SANA, 'Syria's Central Bank and Mastercard sign a deal to advance digital payments', 23 September 2025
- SRC-236 Office of Foreign Assets Control, General License No. 25, Authorizing Transactions Prohibited by the Syrian Sanctions Regulations or Involving Certain Blocked Persons…
- SRC-237 Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, Amendment to the Bank Secrecy Act Regulations - Imposition of Special Measure Against Commercial Bank of Syria, Including Its…
- SRC-238 Pramod Kumar, Estithmar subsidiary buys 49% stake in Syria's Shahba Bank, AGBI, 6 May 2026
- SRC-239 UNODC and Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, The Evolution of the Synthetic Drug Market in the Arab Countries, post-December 2024, research brief, seven pages…
- SRC-240 Supplement No. 1 to Part 740, Country Groups, Export Administration Regulations, 15 CFR part 740, eCFR current text as first read for this book
- SRC-241 Meld. St. 7 (2025-2026), Statens pensjonsfond 2026, Melding til Stortinget, Norwegian Ministry of Finance, recommended 27 March 2026 and approved in Council the same day
- SRC-243 Karam Shaar Advisory, Recapitalizing Private Banks: Urgency and Policy Options, Syria in Figures issue 17, March 2026
- SRC-244 Karam Shaar Advisory, publications index
- SRC-246 UNCTAD Investment Policy Monitor, Syrian Arab Republic: Allows foreign investors to own up to 60% of local banks
- SRC-247 Enab Baladi, Syrian Central Bank Drafts Executive Regulations for a Law Issued 15 Years Ago
- SRC-248 Central Bank of Syria official Telegram channel, statement of the governor announcing the decision to establish a deposit guarantee institution, post SyCBOS/3915
- SRC-249 Karam Shaar Advisory, Caesar Act Sanctions: Current Status
- SRC-250 Just Security, Caesar Act Repeal and the Syria Sanctions Removal Report Card
- SRC-251 Route audit, 18 August 2026: whether the first section 8369 certification has been transmitted to Congress
- SRC-252 SANA, President al-Sharaa issues a decree appointing Mohammad Safwat Raslan governor of the Central Bank of Syria, Arabic and English editions
- SRC-253 SANA, New Central Bank governor takes office in Damascus, pledges monetary stability
- SRC-254 Central Bank of Syria, legislation listing for the Presidency of the Republic and the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, page 1 of 2
- SRC-255 Central Bank of Syria, legislation listing, banking and monetary laws view, single page
- SRC-257 Enab Baladi, Syria's Central Bank Allows Banks to Work with Global Payment Companies
- SRC-263 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, eleven issue files of 2026, held against the search for Presidential Decree No. 99 of 2026
- SRC-398 United States Department of State, Office of the Spokesperson, 'Rescission of Syria's Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism', press statement of Marco Rubio…
- SRC-399 Office of Foreign Assets Control, Specially Designated Nationals list, XML export published 24 August 2026; and United Nations Security Council Consolidated List, XML…
- SRC-400 United States Department of State, Bureau of Counterterrorism, 'State Sponsors of Terrorism', list page, checked 25 August 2026
- SRC-401 United States Departments of Commerce, the Treasury and State, 'Sanctions and Export Controls Relief for Syria', tri-seal advisory, updated August 2026, 3 pages
- SRC-402 Supplement No. 1 to Part 740, Country Groups, Export Administration Regulations, 15 CFR part 740, eCFR current text as at 25 August 2026
- SRC-403 Federal Register, document search, two searches run 25 August 2026 over all agencies and all document types with a publication date from 1 July 2026
- SRC-440 Zeinab Ismail, 'Sham Cash Under Scrutiny: A Forensic Analysis of Syria's New E-Wallet', SMEX, 17 April 2025
- SRC-441 Haid Haid, 'Sham Cash: The problem with Syria's new digital salary app', Al Majalla, last updated 12 May 2025
- SRC-442 Mahdi Krayem, 'Syrians Push Back Against Sham Cash App Failures', SMEX, 26 March 2026
- SRC-443 Central Bank of Syria, The Structure of the Financial Sector: Banks, cat_id 1372, English and Arabic editions; and, separately, the Directory of Banks and Exchange…
- SRC-444 Central Bank of Syria, Licensing Services page, English edition
- SRC-454 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, 2026: issues 30, 31 and 32, retrieved against the search for Presidential Decree No. 99 of 2026
- SRC-477 Record of the reading of the decree sections of every 2026 part-one document this book holds, completed 5 September 2026: thirty-one issues and the supplements to issues…
- SRC-478 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, part two, issues 22 to 32, eleven files retrieved against the search for Presidential Decree No. 99 of 2026
- SRC-479 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, part two: 25 Arabic part twos held for 2026, issues 5, 6, 9, 10 and 12 to 32, 6,887 pages, of which 24, at 6,684…
- SRC-480 The Syria Report, English translations of the Syrian Official Gazette, 2026, PART TWO, SEVEN ISSUES: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 11, 1,269 pages in all
- SRC-502 Meld. St. 22 (2024–2025), Statens pensjonsfond 2025, Melding til Stortinget, Norwegian Ministry of Finance, presented in Council of State 10 April 2025
- SRC-506 Central Bank of Syria, legislation and regulations index (التشريعات والأنظمة), as at 18 August 2026
- SRC-530 "[quotation withheld, 18 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 6 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 9 words; follow the citation]"
- SRC-531 Jordan News Agency (Petra), Regional Meeting Opens in Jordan to Combat Synthetic Drugs, Amman, 13 July 2026
- SRC-532 Commission on Narcotic Drugs, sixty-ninth session, documentation: E/CN.7/2026/1 to 11; E/CN.7/2026/CRP.1 to CRP.18; E/2026/28 (E/CN.7/2026/12), Report on the sixty-ninth…
- SRC-616 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 5, part one, 4 February 2026, 71 pages, and issue 6, part one, 11 February 2026, 31 pages
- SRC-621 Route audit, 20 September 2026: whether the second section 8369 certification, due on or about 14 September 2026, has been transmitted to Congress
- SRC-622 Route audit, 20 September 2026: whether the first section 8369 certification, due on or about 18 March 2026, entered the Congressional Record
- SRC-623 Route audit, 21 September 2026: the committee document pages, state.gov and the House Document series, for the first and second section 8369 reports
- SRC-625 Estithmar Holding Q.P.S.C., 'Estithmar Holding Q.P.S.C. Announces Completion of 48.68% Stake Transfer in Shahba Bank to Masaref Holding, a Subsidiary of Estithmar…
- SRC-626 SANA, 'المركزي السوري يوقع اتفاقية لفتح حساب لدى البنك المركزي التركي', Arabic edition, Damascus, Wednesday 29 July 2026; and 'Central Bank of Syria opens official…
- SRC-627 Shahba Bank (شهبا بنك ش.م.م.ع), emergency disclosure on the change in the ownership of major shareholders (إفصاح طارئ عن التغير في ملكية كبار المساهمين), No. 2026/GM/61…
- SRC-661 Reports of the Banque Bemo Saudi Fransi account at Banque Saudi Fransi: Union of Arab Banks magazine, 3 November 2025; yallasyrianews, 9 November 2025, carrying Enab…
- SRC-662 Banque Saudi Fransi, Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2025, approved by the board on 26 January 2026, 139 pages
- SRC-663 Al Jazeera Net, 23 September 2026, and Verify-Sy (Taakad), 23 September 2026, reporting the governor of the Central Bank of Syria's statement on his official page of…
- SRC-676 Asharq Business with Bloomberg (اقتصاد الشرق مع بلومبرغ), [quotation withheld, 12 words; follow the citation], 28 October 2025, the chief executive of Banque Bemo Saudi…
- SRC-677 Banque Saudi Fransi, Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended 31 March 2026 and for the six months ended 30 June 2026 (unaudited…
- SRC-701 Supplement No. 1 to Part 740, Country Groups, Export Administration Regulations, 15 CFR part 740, eCFR text current to 24 September 2026, read 28 September 2026
- SRC-702 "[quotation withheld, 11 words; follow the citation]""national emergency""[quotation withheld, 30 words; follow the citation]"
- SRC-703 50 U.S.C. 1622(d), National Emergencies Act, automatic termination of national emergency; continuation notice from President to Congress; publication in Federal Register…
- SRC-704 Office of Foreign Assets Control, Notice of OFAC Sanctions Actions, Federal Register document 2026-17725, 91 FR 55979, 31 August 2026 (actions of 24 August 2026)
- SRC-761 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 33, part two, dated 27 August 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria Report's…
- SRC-763 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 34, part two, dated 3 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-765 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 35, part two, dated 10 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-707 Jeanne Shaheen, Ranking Member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee; Joe Wilson, Member of Congress; Elizabeth Warren, Ranking Member, Senate Committee on Banking…
- SRC-779 Notice of September 30, 2026, Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Situation in and in Relation to Syria, 91 FR 63131-63132, FR Doc. 2026-20322
- SRC-830 Central Bank of Syria, news item 'بعد توقف لأكثر من 15 عاماً.. حاكم مصرف سورية المركزي ينفذ أول عملية دفع إلكترونية دولية عبر بطاقة Mastercard' (after a stop of more…
- SRC-870 The Syria Report, online archive of the Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, listing of the 2026 issues as served on 18 October 2026 (75 titles, issue 1 to…
- SRC-871 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, part one, dated 16 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-881 World Bank, Project Paper PPSI000002, Syria Financial Sector Modernization Project (P517399), 20 July 2026, disclosed 6 August 2026
- SRC-900 SANA (Arabic), [quotation withheld, 8 words; follow the citation], 27 December 2025 (item 2362418), by Judy Ajaj
Chapter 7: People and Institutional Capacity
8 claims
- GAZ-001 An online archive of the Syrian Official Gazette, run by The Syria Report, is browsable free and without a login by issue number, part and date; for the years whose…
- BUDGET-002 The Ministry of Finance's citizen budget for 2026 expects revenue from oil and gas of 2.434 billion US dollars, 27.9 per cent of expected revenue of 8.716 billion…
- FISCAL-003 The Ministry of Finance's report on the first half of 2026, released 31 August 2026, gives actual revenue of US$2,695 million against spending of US$3,700 million, a…
- FISCAL-004 The Ministry of Finance's summary of 2025 (dated March 2026, released 7 April 2026) gives preliminary actual revenue of US$3,493 million against spending of US$3,447…
- TEACH-001 On the UNESCO Institute for Statistics' figures, Syria had 114,676 primary and 65,218 secondary teachers in 2002 and 144,621 and 54,596 in 2024 (primary about a quarter…
- TEACH-002 Whether the Institute's 2002 and 2024 primary-teacher counts (and the trained share of them) measure the same population, given that Syria's basic-education cycles were…
- PAY-001 Ministry of Finance Decision No. 1654/و of 24 May 2026 (Official Gazette 2026, issue 22 part one, gazette page 256) amends the wage tables annexed to Decision No. 2700…
- RETURNS-001 UNHCR's August 2026 operational update gives 1,795,641 returnees from countries of asylum and 2,009,506 IDP returnees, both counted from December 2024
103 sources
- SRC-009 UN Common Country Analysis Syria
- SRC-010 World Bank, Maximizing the Peace and Social Dividends of Climate Action
- SRC-011 Verified sources and corrections
- SRC-024 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Operational Update, Syria, May 2026
- SRC-053 International Monetary Fund, IMF Staff Concludes Staff Visit to Syria, press release PR26272, 4 August 2026
- SRC-078 International Monetary Fund, Syrian Arab Republic: 2009 Article IV Consultation, Staff Report and Public Information Notice, Country Report No. 10/86, March 2010
- SRC-262 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic (الجريدة الرسمية), part one, the repeat of issue 1 of 2010, dated 6 January 2010, carrying Law No. 37 of 2009 on the…
- SRC-263 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, eleven issue files of 2026, held against the search for Presidential Decree No. 99 of 2026
- SRC-264 World Health Organization, HeRAMS Annual Report 2020: Syrian Arab Red Crescent Health Centres in the Syrian Arab Republic
- SRC-265 World Health Organization, HeRAMS Annual Report January to December 2019: Public Hospitals in the Syrian Arab Republic, WHO-EM/SYR/039/E
- SRC-266 United Nations in the Syrian Arab Republic, Common Country Analysis: Syria 2025, published 31 March 2026, the analytical foundation for the UN Sustainable Development…
- SRC-267 Syrian Arab Republic Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2026, Part 3: Sector Response Plan, section 3.3 Education, published 15 April 2026 on humanitarianaction.info
- SRC-268 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Directorate of Degree Equivalence (مديرية تعادل الشهادات), three sheets of required…
- SRC-269 Alexander Gehret, Andreas Kuhn and Jurg Schweri, Is Training Apprentices Worthwhile? Company Perspectives on Costs, Benefits and Training Quality 2025, Swiss Federal…
- SRC-270 World Health Organization, HeRAMS Annual Report January to December 2020: Public Health Centres in the Syrian Arab Republic
- SRC-271 World Health Organization, HeRAMS Annual Report January to December 2019: Public Health Centres in the Syrian Arab Republic
- SRC-272 International Organization for Migration, Displacement Tracking Matrix, Syrian Arab Republic: Emergency Mobility Tracking and Cross Border Monitoring Situation Update…
- SRC-273 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, 2026: six issues, being issue 10, issue 11, issue 12 of 25 March, issue 15 of 15 April, issue 16 of 22 April and…
- SRC-274 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA): the text of Presidential Decree No. 68 of 2026 published 20 March 2026; the Ministry of Finance executive instructions for it published…
- SRC-276 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Finance, Citizen Budget 2026 (موازنة المواطن 2026), 52 pages, Arabic, published at the ministry's own documents address
- SRC-277 Global Education Cluster, 'Rebuilding through education in Syria', educationcluster.net, 2026
- SRC-278 Welthungerhilfe with the Social Association for Relief and Development and the International Humanitarian Relief Association, Syria Joint Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment…
- SRC-279 World Health Organization, HeRAMS northeast Syria baseline report 2024: Operational status of the health system, published 26 February 2025; and its sibling in the same…
- SRC-280 Karam Shaar Advisory, 'The Syrian Public Sector: Restructuring the State After Assad', Syria in Figures issue 11, published 28 August 2025
- SRC-281 Enab Baladi, 'Thousands of Syrian employees await their fate' / الإجازة المأجورة.. آلاف الموظفين ينتظرون مصيرهم, by Khaled al-Jeratli and Hassan Ibrahim, 28 March 2025
- SRC-282 Enab Baladi, سوريا.. 400 ألف موظف وهمي في القطاع العام, 31 January 2025, reporting a Reuters interview with Finance Minister Mohammed Abazeid
- SRC-283 World Health Organization, Public Health Situation Analysis (PHSA), Syrian Arab Republic, dated 23 July 2025, the second PHSA published on Syria by WHO
- SRC-284 UN News, 'Syrians face staggering needs amid insecurity and healthcare crisis', story 1163616, published 23 May 2025, reporting a Security Council briefing
- SRC-285 World Health Organization Health Cluster, Syria Health Sector Bulletin, October 2025, 26 pages
- SRC-286 European Union Agency for Asylum, Syria Country Focus, section 3.7 Health care, published July 2025
- SRC-287 World Health Organization Health Cluster, Syria Health Sector Bulletin, January 2026, 26 pages, posted to ReliefWeb 1 April 2026
- SRC-288 World Health Organization Health Cluster, Syria Health Sector Bulletin, April 2026, 27 pages, posted to ReliefWeb 4 May 2026
- SRC-289 UN News, 'Syria's future under threat from acute funding shortages', story 1166267, published 4 November 2025
- SRC-290 European Commission DG ECHO, Humanitarian Implementation Plan (HIP), Syria Regional and Lebanon Crises, ECHO/SYR/BUD/2026/91000, Year 2026 Version 2, 22 January 2026, 17…
- SRC-291 Janblat Shakai, 'The fate of the examinations of more than 13 thousand students in Syria's Sweida hangs in the unknown', Al-Quds Al-Arabi, Damascus, 3 June 2026
- SRC-292 Enab Baladi, 'A new school year in Syria rises from the rubble', 16 September 2025
- SRC-293 Joint Education Needs Assessment (JENA) carried out in Syria in 2025, with support from the Global Education Cluster: reported by two documents, located in neither
- SRC-294 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, the legislation and laws area of mohe.gov.sy: the circulars section, and pages 2 to 5 of the…
- SRC-295 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'Minister al-Halabi: an emergency committee formed to accelerate certificate equivalence', 29 June 2026, reporting a post by the minister…
- SRC-296 Aks al-Ser, 'Minister of Higher Education: accelerating certificate equivalence while preserving academic accuracy, and receiving 100 requests daily', 1 May 2026
- SRC-297 UNHCR Lebanon, 'Practices at Official Border Crossing Points', FAQs on return to Syria, help.unhcr.org, as at 20 August 2026
- SRC-298 Moaffaq al-Khouja, 'Complaints of impossible procedures and mistreatment at Bab al-Hawa', Enab Baladi, 18 May 2026
- SRC-275 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, 2026: issue 1 of 7 January 2026 and issue 2 of 14 January 2026
- SRC-299 Swiss Federal University for Vocational Education and Training (SFUVET), cost-benefit survey 2025 summary page, sfuvet.swiss/research/cost-benefit-survey/2025
- SRC-300 Syrian Arab Republic Humanitarian Response Priorities, January to December 2025, Part 3 section 3.4 Education, published 2 July 2025 on humanitarianaction.info; and the…
- SRC-301 Syrians for Truth and Justice, 'Syria: Curriculum Reform... An Ideological Unilateral Decision Lacking Legitimacy', published 15 May 2025
- SRC-302 Alicia Medina Segura, 'Public Sector Workers Reinstated Amid Government Policy Chaos', The Syria Report, 22 April 2025, standfirst only
- SRC-303 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), two reports on Presidential Decree No. 13 of 2026 on Kurdish language instruction: 'Education Ministry drafts instructions to implement…
- SRC-304 Three Chapter 7 gate items attempted on 20 August 2026 and not made: the Higher Education Council resolution of March 2026; ReliefWeb health-sector updates through July…
- SRC-305 World Bank World Development Indicators, series SE.PRM.TCHR, SE.SEC.TCHR and SE.PRM.TCAQ.ZS for the Syrian Arab Republic, sourced upstream to the UNESCO Institute for…
- SRC-306 World Health Organization Health Cluster, Syria Health Sector Bulletin June 2026 Special Edition, Syria Humanitarian Fund standard allocation, 17 pages; and the Health…
- SRC-307 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), two reports on degree equivalence: the report of 3 March 2026 on the Higher Education Council's session of Sunday 1 March 2026 adopting…
- SRC-308 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'A presidential decree grants Sweida students an exceptional session for the basic education and general secondary examinations', 19…
- SRC-436 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, issue 1, part one, of 2025, gazette page 1: Council of Ministers Presidency decisions No. 1 of 5 January 2025 (the…
- SRC-437 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, issue 26, part one, of 2025, gazette page 158: Ministry of Education and Instruction Decision No. 443/5 of 7 July 2025…
- SRC-463 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, 2026: thirty-one issues, being 1, 2 and 4 to 32, the whole of what the archive had published for that year on 4…
- SRC-464 Syrian Arab Republic, Presidential Decree No. 67 of 2026, dated 28 Ramadan 1447 corresponding to 18 March 2026, adding fifty per cent to salaries and lump-sum wages…
- SRC-465 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 14, PART TWO, 194 pages, opened against the search for the schedule annexed to Presidential Decree No. 68 of…
- SRC-466 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 12, PART TWO, 87 pages, opened against the search for the schedule annexed to Presidential Decree No. 68 of 2026
- SRC-467 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 13, PART TWO, 127 pages, opened against the search for the schedule annexed to Presidential Decree No. 68 of…
- SRC-468 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 15, PART TWO, 187 pages, opened against the search for the schedule annexed to Presidential Decree No. 68 of…
- SRC-469 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 16, PART TWO, 232 pages, opened against the search for the schedule annexed to Presidential Decree No. 68 of…
- SRC-470 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 17, PART TWO, 258 pages, opened against the search for the schedule annexed to Presidential Decree No. 68 of…
- SRC-471 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 18, PART TWO, 187 pages, opened against the search for the schedule annexed to Presidential Decree No. 68 of…
- SRC-472 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 19, PART TWO, 237 pages, opened against the search for the schedule annexed to Presidential Decree No. 68 of…
- SRC-476 Record of the routes run on 5 September 2026 for the text of Syrian Ministry of Education Decision No. 943/104 of 9 January 2025: the ministry's own decisions pages…
- SRC-477 Record of the reading of the decree sections of every 2026 part-one document this book holds, completed 5 September 2026: thirty-one issues and the supplements to issues…
- SRC-479 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, part two: 25 Arabic part twos held for 2026, issues 5, 6, 9, 10 and 12 to 32, 6,887 pages, of which 24, at 6,684…
- SRC-545 "[quotation withheld, 12 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 10 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 24 words; follow the citation]"
- SRC-546 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Council of Higher Education and ministerial decisions published in the legislation area of…
- SRC-547 International Labour Organization, Rapid skills gap assessment of selected industrial sectors: Syria, Geneva, 2025, ISBN 9789220423516 (web PDF), DOI 10.54394/FKPX3334…
- SRC-548 European Training Foundation, Structures and mechanisms for information and needs forecast on training, qualification and employment: the observatory function, Syria…
- SRC-549 "Mohamad Firas Wahbeh, ""[quotation withheld, 20 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 12 words; follow the citation]"
- SRC-550 B. Rasmussen, P. Sheehan, J. Symons, N. Maharaj, A. Welsh and M. Kumnick, Syria education and development investment case: economic, social and psychological costs and…
- SRC-551 Mariangels Fortuny and Jalal Al Husseini, Labour Market Policies and Institutions: a Synthesis Report. The cases of Algeria, Jordan, Morocco, Syria and Turkey, ILO…
- SRC-552 Abdallah al-Dardari and Mohamed Hedi Bchir, Assessing the impact of the conflict on the Syrian economy and looking beyond, ESCWA, E/ESCWA/EDGD/2014/WP.2, 20 November…
- SRC-553 International Labour Organization, Regional value chains for recovery: creating jobs and shared growth in Syria, Lebanon and Jordan: focus sectors: medicinal and…
- SRC-554 ILO Regional Office for Arab States, Impact of the February 2023 Earthquakes on Employment and the Labour Market in Syria: Technical Note, Beirut, 28 March 2023, 12 pages
- SRC-556 "Constantin Zaman, ""[quotation withheld, 10 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 16 words; follow the citation]"
- SRC-584 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Higher Education, Decision No. 93/و of 30 September 2008 and Decision No. 1/و of 4 January 2009, the executive instructions of Law No…
- SRC-595 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 16, part one, 22 April 2026, pages 165 to 167 and following: Presidential Decree No. 44 of 17 February 2026…
- SRC-628 SANA, 'التربية تصدر التعليمات التنفيذية للدورة الامتحانية الاستثنائية لطلاب السويداء', Arabic edition, Damascus, published 21 August 2026 at 00:48 Damascus time…
- SRC-629 SANA, three Arabic reports on the implementation of Presidential Decree No. 13 of 2026: 'الكردية تدخل المدارس السورية للمرة الأولى.. حصتان أسبوعياً ومناهج جديدة', 25…
- SRC-700 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Finance, تقرير الأداء المالي نسخة المواطن، النصف الأول من 2026م (financial performance report, citizen edition, first half of 2026)…
- SRC-705 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Finance, موجز عن الأداء المالي للخزينة العامة للدولة عن 2025 (Summary of the financial performance of the state general treasury for…
- SRC-719 SANA, 'التربية: الدورة الامتحانية الاستثنائية لطلبة السويداء مستمرة وفق برنامجها المقرر', 29 August 2026 14:17
- SRC-760 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 33, part one, dated 26 August 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria Report's…
- SRC-761 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 33, part two, dated 27 August 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria Report's…
- SRC-762 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 34, part one, dated 2 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-763 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 34, part two, dated 3 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-764 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 35, part one, dated 9 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-765 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 35, part two, dated 10 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-782 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Finance, official Telegram channel @SyrMOfF, post 9311 (23 May 2026): joint statement of the finance and education ministries and the…
- SRC-783 Central Bureau of Statistics, Syrian Arab Republic, Statistical Abstracts 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2022 and 2023, chapter 11 (Education and Culture), introduction…
- SRC-785 Central Bureau of Statistics (المكتب المركزي للإحصاء), Syrian Arab Republic, Statistical Abstract 2007, chapter 11, table 5/11 'معلمو مدارس التعليم الأساسي ( حلقة أولى…
- SRC-786 World Bank World Development Indicators, series SE.PRM.ENRL (primary education, pupils) and SE.PRM.DURS (primary education, duration in years) for the Syrian Arab…
- SRC-787 Reuters, 'Syria's new Islamist rulers to roll back state with privatizations, public sector layoffs', by Riham Alkousaa, 31 January 2025
- SRC-858 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Operational Update, Syrian Arab Republic, August 2026 (UNHCR document 124284), published 29 September 2026
- SRC-870 The Syria Report, online archive of the Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, listing of the 2026 issues as served on 18 October 2026 (75 titles, issue 1 to…
- SRC-871 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, part one, dated 16 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-873 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, part two, dated 17 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-875 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Operational Update, Syria, August 2026 (published 29 September 2026), UNHCR document 124284
- SRC-901 SANA (Arabic), [quotation withheld, 11 words; follow the citation], 15 October 2026 (item 2607550), by Yara Assaf
Chapter 8: The Energy Transition Already Under Way
17 claims
- CLIMATE-001 Economic collapse created decoupling and lower carbon intensity
- TARIFF-001 Syrian electricity tariff Decision No. 687 of 30 October 2025 has a published signed text
- CARBON-001 Syria can earn $10–25m carbon revenue annually by 2030
- SOLAR-001 Off-grid solar capacity in Syria reached 2,060 MW in 2025, against 189 MW grid-connected
- SUPPLY-001 Syria's national grid supplies about two to four hours of electricity a day
- LOSS-001 Syria's electricity system loses about a third of what it generates
- GAS-001 Syrian natural gas production is about 7 to 8 million cubic metres a day
- PROJ-001 Announced Syrian renewable and power projects have produced signed instruments but no financial close
- FINANCE-001 Syria operated a state-backed interest-free household solar loan scheme from 2023, and it was suspended on 19 December 2024
- SST-001 SUPERSEDED 24 AUGUST 2026 AND THE DESIGNATION WAS RESCINDED. What this row recorded, as at 23 August 2026, was that syria remains designated a State Sponsor of Terrorism…
- CODE-001 Syria's transmission and distribution network codes are defined by regulation, approved by the Ministry of Electricity, and binding on the subscribers who connect to…
- SST-002 The United States rescinded Syria's State Sponsor of Terrorism designation on 24 August 2026 and Syria was gone from the department's published list by 25 August 2026…
- FUEL-001 From 13 September 2026 the permanent pricing committee's temporary bulletin set diesel at 175 Syrian pounds a litre, benzine 95 at 195 and benzine 90 at 185, against…
- GENMIX-001 The Ministry of Energy's summary of the first half of 2026 attributes 60 per cent of production to natural gas, 30 per cent to fuel oil and 10 per cent to what it calls…
- CBAM-003 Under Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956, as replaced by Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 and applying from 1 January 2026, a declarant whose embedded emissions are…
- CARD-001 International card acceptance in Syria is dated three ways: a Central Bank decision of 4 May 2026 (the permission), trade reports of a connection, a trial and one bank…
- NDC-001 As at 18 October 2026 the UNFCCC NDC Registry's default view (active entries) shows 352 entries, the newest submitted on 15 October 2026, and one for Syria, the First…
57 sources
- SRC-093 Syrian Arab Republic, Nationally Determined Contributions Under Paris Agreement on Climate, November 2018
- SRC-312 Karam Shaar Advisory Ltd., 'Powering the Recovery: the Electricity Sector at a Crossroads', Syria in Figures, issue 9, July 2025
- SRC-314 International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Capacity Statistics 2026, Abu Dhabi, March 2026
- SRC-315 International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Capacity Statistics 2025, Abu Dhabi, March 2025
- SRC-319 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of State for Environment Affairs with UNDP and the Global Environment Facility, Initial National Communication of the Syrian Arab Republic…
- SRC-320 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of State for Environment Affairs with UNDP and the Global Environment Facility, General Report of Green House Gases (GHG) Inventory in…
- SRC-321 World Bank, 'Syria: World Bank US$146 Million Grant to Improve Electricity Supply and Support Sector Development', press release, Washington, 25 June 2025
- SRC-322 Camillo Stubenberg, 'Solar Killed Dirty Energy in Rural Lebanon. Here's What Other Countries Can Learn.', report, Century International, The Century Foundation, 9 March…
- SRC-327 United Nations Development Programme, 'Japan and UNDP launch US$12.4 Million project to stabilise electricity supply at Jandar Power Plant in Syria', press release…
- SRC-328 United Nations Development Programme, 'UNDP signs US$10.7 Million agreement with Italy and Norway to boost electricity supply in Syria', press release, Damascus, 11…
- SRC-364 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Electricity, 'Renewable Energy in Syria until the Year 2030', study document, 26 September 2021, 27 pages, as published on the website…
- SRC-372 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, party submission tables: 'National Communication submissions from Non-Annex I Parties', 'Biennial Update Report…
- SRC-373 Capital Intelligence Ratings Ltd., 'Capital Intelligence Sovereign Ratings Calendar 2026', Information Notice, December 2025; and 'Deviation from Sovereign Ratings…
- SRC-376 Syrian Arab Republic, Public Establishment for Transmission and Distribution of Electricity, 'نظام توزيع واستثمار الكهرباء' (Regulation on the distribution and…
- SRC-378 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Electricity, 'نظام استثمار نقل الكهرباء' (Regulation on the investment of electricity transmission), the 2013 investment regulation of…
- SRC-388 Syrian Arab Republic, Official Gazette 2025, part two: independent electricity generation licences of the Ministry of Electricity and the Ministry of Energy, issues 19…
- SRC-398 United States Department of State, Office of the Spokesperson, 'Rescission of Syria's Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism', press statement of Marco Rubio…
- SRC-461 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2021 volume, general indexes of 94 issue files, being both parts of 46 issues, part one of issue 25, part two of issue 47…
- SRC-482 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2021, full issue texts: issue 14 part 2, issue 25 part 2 and issue 49 part 2
- SRC-533 International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Energy Statistics 2025, Abu Dhabi, July 2025
- SRC-534 International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Energy Statistics 2026, Abu Dhabi, July 2026
- SRC-535 International Renewable Energy Agency, Off-grid Renewable Energy Statistics 2025, Abu Dhabi, December 2025
- SRC-536 International Renewable Energy Agency, Off-grid renewable energy highlights, 30 December 2025
- SRC-537 International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable capacity highlights, 31 March 2026
- SRC-538 International Renewable Energy Agency, IRENASTAT, 'Electricity capacity statistics by Country/area, Technology, Grid connection and Year', table C-ELECCAP…
- SRC-539 International Renewable Energy Agency, 'Statistical Notes and Methodology' page, irena.org
- SRC-540 International Renewable Energy Agency, Measurement and estimation of off-grid solar, hydro and biogas energy, Abu Dhabi, December 2018
- SRC-541 International Renewable Energy Agency, IRENA Energy taxonomy: Classifications for the energy transition, Abu Dhabi, March 2024
- SRC-547 International Labour Organization, Rapid skills gap assessment of selected industrial sectors: Syria, Geneva, 2025, ISBN 9789220423516 (web PDF), DOI 10.54394/FKPX3334…
- SRC-555 Mohammad Makki, Jeanne Mawad and Neli Lalkovska, Towards Sustainable Green Transition in Lebanon and Syria: Identifying Policy Gaps and Spotting Opportunities to Design…
- SRC-560 Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 October 2025 amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the…
- SRC-582 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'تعديل مؤقت لأسعار المشتقات النفطية.. والنشرة الجديدة ابتداء من اليوم', 13 September 2026, reporting the Permanent Committee for…
- SRC-585 Syria TV (تلفزيون سوريا), report of 13 September 2026 on the new fuel price bulletin, giving the previous bulletin's prices, Arabic
- SRC-586 Türkiye, İklim Kanunu (Climate Law), Kanun No. 7552, adopted 2 July 2025, Resmî Gazete 9 July 2025, No. 32951
- SRC-587 Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, 28th term, Sıra Sayısı 198, İklim Kanunu Teklifi (2/2927) ve Çevre Komisyonu Raporu, with general and article justifications, bill…
- SRC-588 Türkiye, Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı, Türkiye Emisyon Ticaret Sistemi Yönetmeliği (Türkiye Emissions Trading System Regulation), Resmî Gazete 27…
- SRC-589 "[quotation withheld, 6 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 14 words; follow the citation]"", announcement of 3 September 2026"
- SRC-590 Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the…
- SRC-591 Directive (EU) 2023/959 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023 amending Directive 2003/87/EC and Decision (EU) 2015/1814, OJ L 130, 16.5.2023, p…
- SRC-630 World Bank, 'سوريا: منحة من البنك الدولي بقيمة 146 مليون دولار لتحسين إمدادات الكهرباء وتنمية القطاع', Arabic press release, Washington, 25 June 2025
- SRC-631 Human Rights Watch, '"كأنك عم تقطع الحياة": تقاعس لبنان عن ضمان الحق في الكهرباء', Arabic edition of 'Cut Off From Life Itself', 9 March 2023
- SRC-632 International Renewable Energy Agency, Arabic pages: press release of 26 March 2025 on 'إحصائيات القدرة الإنتاجية للطاقة المتجددة 2025', and the publication page 'تكاليف…
- SRC-634 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Arabic handbook on the enhanced transparency framework under the Paris Agreement, second edition, 70 pages
- SRC-635 World Bank, Arabic topic page 'عرض عام عن الطاقة'
- SRC-636 SANA, 'مؤسسة الكهرباء توقع مع شركة أمريكية مذكرة تفاهم لتنفيذ محطتي طاقة شمسية', 30 June 2025 20:02
- SRC-637 SANA, 'المؤسسة العامة لنقل وتوزيع الكهرباء توقع اتفاقية ومذكرة تفاهم مع شركتين سعوديتين', 16 February 2026 14:04
- SRC-638 SANA, 'مؤسسة الكهرباء في عام 2025.. تأهيل محطات وتوريد قطع تبديل وتحسن في المجالات البحثية', 18 January 2026 19:20
- SRC-639 SANA, 'وزارة الطاقة السورية توقع اتفاقية مع "مارف إينرجي" لتوليد 700 ميغاواط من الكهرباء', 11 February 2026 18:04
- SRC-640 Al-Watan, 'غاز معمل الأسمدة عاد إلى وزارة الكهرباء … الزامل لـ«الوطن»', Damascus, 18 December 2023
- SRC-693 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2022 volume, general indexes of issues 1 to 48, both parts, with their supplements, as served by The Syria Report's…
- SRC-694 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, issue 12 of 2022, dated 30 March 2022, gazette page 204 (PDF page 28): Ministry of Electricity (وزارة الكهرباء)…
- SRC-716 Saudi Press Agency (واس), Damascus, 'بإشراف وزارة الطاقة.. توقيع ثلاث اتفاقيات لشراء الطاقة واتفاقيتين للتعاون الفني في تنفيذ مشروعات للطاقة الشمسية في الجمهورية العربية…
- SRC-717 SANA, Spanish service, 'Siria y empresa saudita firman acuerdos para producir energía solar', 5 August 2026 12:30
- SRC-718 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Energy (وزارة الطاقة), Telegram channel SyrMOfE, post 11070, summary of the first half of 2026 with infographics 'إنتاج الكهرباء وتحسن…
- SRC-784 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1740 of 20 July 2026 correcting Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2621 as regards Annexes I and IV thereto
- SRC-830 Central Bank of Syria, news item 'بعد توقف لأكثر من 15 عاماً.. حاكم مصرف سورية المركزي ينفذ أول عملية دفع إلكترونية دولية عبر بطاقة Mastercard' (after a stop of more…
- SRC-831 UNFCCC, NDC Registry (Nationally Determined Contributions Registry), default view, as rendered on 18 October 2026
Chapter 9: Oil, Gas, Phosphate and Olives
22 claims
- FISCAL-001 GDP, revenue, expenditure and hydrocarbon share form one consistent fiscal picture
- FISCAL-002 Syria's 2025 fiscal surplus reflects improved administration and revenue recovery
- OILRES-001 Syria's proved oil reserves, on a liquids-aggregate definition that includes crude oil, lease condensate, natural gas liquids and oil sands, are published as 2,500,000…
- OILPROD-001 Syrian crude oil production in 2024 is put at about 63,000 barrels a day by two independent publications, and forecast at 73,000 for 2025
- GASRES-001 Syria's proved natural gas reserves are published as 8,500 billion cubic feet, and the figure has been reprinted unchanged for at least five years
- PHOSRES-001 Syria holds 250,000 thousand metric tons of phosphate rock reserves, about 0.34 per cent of the world total, ranking fifteenth of the twenty-four countries the survey…
- PHOSPROD-001 The United States Geological Survey revised its estimate of Syrian phosphate rock production for 2024 from 2,000 to 800 thousand metric tons, a reduction of 60 per cent…
- FLARE-001 Syrian gas flaring fell from 0.74 to 0.63 billion cubic metres between 2024 and 2025, and flaring intensity from 37.32 to 22.87 cubic metres per barrel, the largest…
- OLIVE-001 European Union imports of Syrian olive oil fell from EUR 56.4 million in 2023 to EUR 36.3 million in 2024 and EUR 4.8 million in 2025, and the grade composition inverted…
- CODE-001 Syria's transmission and distribution network codes are defined by regulation, approved by the Ministry of Electricity, and binding on the subscribers who connect to…
- SDF-001 On 25 August 2026 the commander of the Syrian Democratic Forces announced its dissolution as an independent military force, stating that its integration into the Syrian…
- BUDGET-002 The Ministry of Finance's citizen budget for 2026 expects revenue from oil and gas of 2.434 billion US dollars, 27.9 per cent of expected revenue of 8.716 billion…
- OILRES-002 The Ministry of Energy's home page states Syria's crude oil reserves as 2.4 billion barrels, with no date, source or method
- GASRES-002 The Ministry of Energy's home page states Syria's natural gas reserves as 211 million cubic metres, as printed, with no date, source or method
- PHOSRES-002 The Ministry of Energy's home page states Syria's phosphate reserves as 1.7 to 1.8 billion tonnes, with no date, source or method
- OILPROD-002 The Syrian Petroleum Company's website put the company's own output in 2009 at 68 million barrels of oil and 5.5 billion cubic metres of natural gas
- GASPROD-001 The Syrian Petroleum Company's account of its work from 2016 to 2018 says gas production rose from 6.5 million cubic metres a day in 2016 to 10 million in 2018
- OILPROD-003 The Statistical Abstract's table 5/5 prints Syrian crude oil production in thousand cubic metres for 2000 and each year from 2005 to 2023: 21,739 in 2010 and 3,579 in…
- PHOSPROD-002 The Statistical Abstract's table 5/5 prints Syrian phosphate production in thousand tonnes for 2000 and each year from 2005 to 2023: 3,167 for 2010 (on the basis used…
- OILPROD-004 The former Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources' archived news items on its plan follow-up meetings state the country's oil production for dated periods from 2011…
- GASPROD-002 The former Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources' archived plan follow-up items state raw gas produced in the country for every period from 2013 to the first…
- OLIVE-002 In EU27 imports of Syrian olive oil under HS 1509, 2023 is the highest year by customs value from 2010 to 2025, and in 2021 the grade composition had already turned over…
87 sources
- SRC-011 Verified sources and corrections
- SRC-012 Fact-check of Syrian macroeconomic, fiscal, demographic and humanitarian figures
- SRC-276 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Finance, Citizen Budget 2026 (موازنة المواطن 2026), 52 pages, Arabic, published at the ministry's own documents address
- SRC-374 Gulfsands Petroleum plc, Annual Report and Accounts 2025, audited accounts of a United Kingdom incorporated public energy company, operator interest in Block 26…
- SRC-375 United States Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, phosphate rock chapter, editions of January 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025, prepared by Stephen M…
- SRC-377 Syrian Arab Republic, Presidency of the Republic, Decree No. 113 of 2025 establishing the Sovereign Fund (الصندوق السيادي), Damascus, 28 Dhu al-Hijja 1446 AH…
- SRC-379 United States Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Phosphate Rock, February 2026, 2 pages
- SRC-380 World Bank, Global Flaring and Methane Reduction Partnership, 'Global Gas Flaring Tracker Report', June 2026 edition, 34 pages, prepared with the Payne Institute at the…
- SRC-381 Syrian Arab Republic, Presidency of the Republic, Decree No. 112 of 2025 establishing the Development Fund (صندوق التنمية), Damascus, 28 Dhu al-Hijja 1446 AH…
- SRC-382 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic (الجريدة الرسمية), 2025 volume
- SRC-383 International Olive Council, 'Trade Standard Applying to Olive Oils and Olive Pomace Oils', COI/T.15/NC No 3/Rev. 20, November 2024, 16 pages, English
- SRC-384 World Bank, Global Flaring and Methane Reduction Partnership, 'Flare volume and intensity estimates 2012-2025', country dataset accompanying the June 2026 Global Gas…
- SRC-385 Eurostat, Comext dataset DS-045409, 'EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8', EU27 imports from the Syrian Arab Republic of HS 1509 and its CN8 subheadings, annual, 2023…
- SRC-387 Aden Aw-Hassan, Fadel Rida, Roberto Telleria and Adriana Bruggeman, 'The impact of food and agricultural policies on groundwater use in Syria', Journal of Hydrology…
- SRC-388 Syrian Arab Republic, Official Gazette 2025, part two: independent electricity generation licences of the Ministry of Electricity and the Ministry of Energy, issues 19…
- SRC-389 Republic of Ghana, Petroleum Revenue Management Act, 2011 (Act 815)
- SRC-390 Republic of Ghana, Petroleum Revenue Management (Amendment) Act, 2015 (Act 893)
- SRC-391 Parliament of Ghana institutional repository, catalogue entries for the Petroleum Revenue Management Amendment Act, 2025 and the Petroleum Revenue Management Amendment…
- SRC-392 Syrian Arab Republic, Official Gazette 2025
- SRC-393 Oil and Gas Journal, 'Worldwide look at reserves and production', survey tables of 5 December 2022, 4 December 2023 and 9 December 2024
- SRC-394 Agreement between President Ahmad al-Sharaa and Mazloum Abdi, 10 March 2025, eight numbered points, published by the Presidency of the Syrian Arab Republic on its…
- SRC-395 Ceasefire and full integration agreement between the Syrian government and the Syrian Democratic Forces, signed by President Ahmad al-Sharaa, clauses published by SANA
- SRC-396 SANA, two reports of the implementation of the ceasefire and integration agreement, 19 and 23 March 2026, each headlining it as the 29 January agreement
- SRC-397 Gulfsands Petroleum plc, Annual Report and Accounts 2024
- SRC-431 Mohammad Abdullah al-Far (@alfarMoh81), public statement on the Syrian Sovereign Fund and transparency, X, 22 August 2026, 17:42 UTC; press coverage describes the author…
- SRC-473 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, general indexes for eighteen years, 2005 and 2008 to 2024, as served by The Syria Report's archive: 1,439 usable index page…
- SRC-474 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, issue 32 of 2016, carrying Ministry of Electricity Decision No. 978 of 19 July 2016 adopting the distribution…
- SRC-503 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'President al-Sharaa appoints Mazloum Abdi as adviser', 28 August 2026, reporting Presidential Decree No. 164 of 2026 of 27 August 2026
- SRC-504 Al Jazeera and The Associated Press, 'Kurdish-led SDF announces dissolution after merging with Syria's military', 25 August 2026
- SRC-543 "[quotation withheld, 14 words; follow the citation]""قسد""[quotation withheld, 16 words; follow the citation]"
- SRC-544 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'الرئيس الشرع يصدر مرسوماً بتعيين مظلوم عبدي مستشاراً لدى رئاسة الجمهورية', 27 August 2026, carrying the image of Decree No. 164 of 2026
- SRC-592 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2017, issue 18, part one, 3 May 2017, page 316: Legislative Decree No. 15 of 23 April 2017 ratifying Contract No. 350/س of…
- SRC-593 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2018, issue 15, part one, 11 April 2018, page 188: Law No. 11 of 2 April 2018 ratifying Contract No. 66/س of 13 February…
- SRC-594 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2010, issue 7, part one, 3 March 2010, pages 189 to 190: Legislative Decree No. 13 of 3 February 2010 amending Legislative…
- SRC-595 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 16, part one, 22 April 2026, pages 165 to 167 and following: Presidential Decree No. 44 of 17 February 2026…
- SRC-596 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 9, part one, 4 March 2026, pages 116 to 118: Ministry of Energy Decisions No. 46 and No. 47 of 8 January 2026…
- SRC-598 Syrian People's Assembly, legal database, entries for Legislative Decree No. 122 of 1970 (establishing the General Company for Phosphate and Mines), Legislative Decree…
- SRC-599 Syrian Arab News Agency, reports on the phosphate sector: 13 February 2025 (auction of 175,000 tonnes and tenders at the Sharqiya and Khneifis mines), 17 December 2025…
- SRC-600 "[quotation withheld, 5 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 13 words; follow the citation]"", 16 April 2018"
- SRC-601 "Enab Baladi, Omar Alaeddin, ""[quotation withheld, 8 words; follow the citation]"", 25 March 2025; Enab Baladi, ""[quotation withheld, 7 words; follow the…
- SRC-602 "CRU, BCInsight, ""[quotation withheld, 8 words; follow the citation]"", 22 January 2025"
- SRC-614 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2023, issue 39: part two, dated 5 October 2023, held; part one, which carries the Ministry of Electricity's decision 2010…
- SRC-616 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 5, part one, 4 February 2026, 71 pages, and issue 6, part one, 11 February 2026, 31 pages
- SRC-620 Syrian Arab News Agency, 'سوريا توقّع مذكرتي تفاهم مع العراق وائتلاف شركات دولية لإحياء خط نقل النفط (كركوك–بانياس)', Washington dateline, 18 July 2026 (Arabic); and the…
- SRC-665 SANA, item 2527490, 14 July 2026, [quotation withheld, 12 words; follow the citation]
- SRC-666 SANA, item 2196100, 6 March 2025, the Foreign Ministry on the United Kingdom's delisting
- SRC-667 International Olive Council, Arabic standards page [quotation withheld, 6 words; follow the citation]
- SRC-668 International Olive Council, COI/T.20/Doc. No 15/Rev.11 (2024), the sensory method, Arabic
- SRC-669 SANA, item 2509367, 23 June 2026, «قبلاوي يبحث مع شيفرون الأمريكية …»
- SRC-680 Gulfsands Petroleum plc, website posts 'Syria Field Visit July 2026' (20 July 2026) and 'SST Designation Rescinded' (31 August 2026)
- SRC-681 Gulfsands Petroleum plc, 'Reserves and Resources' page (Block 26), last modified 3 July 2026, reporting OPC's competent person's report dated 1 May 2026
- SRC-696 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Energy (وزارة الطاقة), home page, Arabic, statement of reserves: crude oil 2.4 billion barrels, natural gas 211 million cubic metres…
- SRC-697 Syrian Petroleum Company (الشركة السورية للنفط), website, 'نشاط الشركة: في مجال انتاج النفط' (activities: oil production), Arabic, as captured by the Internet Archive on…
- SRC-698 Syrian Petroleum Company (الشركة السورية للنفط), website spc.sy, 'الفعاليات المنفذة في الشركة السورية للنفط بين عامي 2016 و 2018' (activities, 2016 to 2018), Arabic, as…
- SRC-730 Syrian Arab Republic, Central Bureau of Statistics (المكتب المركزي للإحصاء), Statistical Abstract (المجموعة الإحصائية) 2010, chapter 5, table 5/5, [quotation withheld, 5…
- SRC-731 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2011, whole abstract (RAR), chapter 5 «الصناعة», table 5/5, 2006-2010
- SRC-732 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2012, chapter 5, table 5/5 (PDF, page -138-), 2007-2011
- SRC-733 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2013, whole abstract as republished by the Planning and Statistics Commission (هيئة التخطيط والإحصاء), chapter 5…
- SRC-734 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2014, chapter 5, table 5/5 (PDF, page -138-), 2009-2013
- SRC-735 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2015, chapter 5, table 5/5 (PDF, page -134-), 2010-2014
- SRC-736 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2016, whole abstract (RAR), chapter 5, table 5/5, 2011-2015
- SRC-737 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2017, whole abstract (RAR), chapter 5 «الإحصاءات الصناعية», table 5/5, 2012-2016
- SRC-738 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2018 («المجموعة الإحصائية النهائية 2018»), whole abstract (RAR), chapter 5, table 5/5, 2013-2017
- SRC-739 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2019, whole abstract and chapter 5 (RAR), table 5/5, 2014-2018
- SRC-740 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2020, whole abstract (RAR), chapter 5, table 5/5, 2015-2019
- SRC-741 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2021, whole abstract as republished by the Planning and Statistics Commission, chapter 5, table 5/5, 2016-2020
- SRC-742 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2022, whole abstract (RAR), chapter 5, table 5/5, 2017-2021
- SRC-743 Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2023, whole abstract (RAR of chapter RARs), chapter 5, table 5/5, 2000, 2010, 2020-2022; chapter 9, tables 8/9 and 9/9
- SRC-744 Syrian Arab Republic, Planning and Statistics Commission (هيئة التخطيط والإحصاء), Statistical Abstract 2024 ([quotation withheld, 7 words; follow the citation]), whole…
- SRC-746 Syrian Petroleum Company (الشركة السورية للنفط), technical tender books for trucking crude oil from named fields: file 8/2023 (Wadi Obeid and Bishri to Tayim to Homs)…
- SRC-747 General Company for Phosphate and Mines (الشركة العامة للفوسفات والمناجم), internal tender announcements for producing phosphate concentrate at blocks 2 and 1 of the…
- SRC-748 Syrian Petroleum Company, reservoir-study tender for the Abu Rabah field, file 122/2024, Appendix D, as captured by the Internet Archive
- SRC-749 Syrian Petroleum Company, tender for a joint limited-liability company for seismic survey with an international firm: financial and legal book and technical book, file…
- SRC-750 Syrian Petroleum Company (الشركة السورية للبترول), website spc.sy: news and public tenders, 25 November 2025 to 27 September 2026
- SRC-751 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'وزير الطاقة أمام مجلس الشعب: نعمل لزيادة إنتاج النفط والغاز وتأمين احتياجات السوق', 20 September 2026, 19:57 (updated 21:37), the…
- SRC-752 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources (وزارة النفط والثروة المعدنية), news item on the follow-up meeting of the production and investment…
- SRC-753 Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, news item 'اجتماع تتبع لخطة وزارة النفط والثروة المعدنية', dated 5 February 2022, on the follow-up meeting of 2 February…
- SRC-754 Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, news items on the follow-up meetings of the production and investment plans, 2011 and 2014 to 2017, as captured by the…
- SRC-788 Oil and Gas Journal, 'Worldwide look at reserves and production', survey tables with as-at columns from 1 January 1996 and 1995 to 1 January 2020 and 2019 (the editions…
- SRC-789 International Olive Council, 'Trade Standard Applying to Olive Oils and Olive Pomace Oils', COI/T.15/NC No. 3/Rev. 22, June 2026, English
- SRC-790 United States Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, phosphate rock chapter, editions of January 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, prepared by Stephen M…
- SRC-791 Eurostat, Comext dataset DS-045409, 'EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8', EU27 imports from the Syrian Arab Republic of HS 1509 and its CN8 subheadings, annual, 2010…
- SRC-792 Gulfsands Petroleum plc, 'Reserves and Resources' page (Block 26), last modified 25 September 2026, reporting OPC's competent person's report dated 1 May 2026
- SRC-859 United States Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, phosphate rock chapter, editions of January 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, prepared by Stephen M…
- SRC-860 judy.legal (Ghanaian legal database), 'Petroleum Revenue Management (Amendment) Act, 2025', Act 1138 of the Parliament of the Republic of Ghana, public preview page
- SRC-870 The Syria Report, online archive of the Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, listing of the 2026 issues as served on 18 October 2026 (75 titles, issue 1 to…
- SRC-871 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, part one, dated 16 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
Chapter 10: A Map of Capital, Not a Pool
28 claims
- FISCAL-001 GDP, revenue, expenditure and hydrocarbon share form one consistent fiscal picture
- FISCAL-002 Syria's 2025 fiscal surplus reflects improved administration and revenue recovery
- CBSY-001 Mohammad Safwat Raslan is Governor of the Central Bank of Syria
- ENFORCE-001 No lender's remedy against Syria can be described
- DEBT-001 No reconciled Syrian external debt baseline exists or is being produced
- SUKUK-001 Sovereign sukuk are asset-backed by construction
- NORWAY-001 Norway exclusion removal indicates ESG allocation to Syrian bonds
- INTRO-003 The author's financing register holds 28 records touching Syria, of which 12 have had their stage verified against the document itself
- INTRO-004 Across all twenty-eight, as at 10 August 2026, no record carries a published figure for money disbursed to Syria
- INTRO-004a Of the twenty-eight records in the register, one carries a published figure for money disbursed and twenty-seven do not
- CH1-012 No published Green Climate Fund document states a sum of readiness support disbursed to Syria, as at 10 August 2026
- CH3-008 USD 7.6 billion is the higher of two competing estimates of the LIMIT of Iran's credit line to Syria, not a verifiable civilian component of any claim
- CH3-009 Documents reported leaked from Iran's foreign ministry put Syria's debt to Iran at USD 50 billion over ten years, military and civilian, with agreements covering USD 18…
- CH5-001 Decrees 112 and 113 of 2025 specify different transparency machinery on the same day, on the same authority: 112 requires audit by neutral accounting firms and…
- SST-001 SUPERSEDED 24 AUGUST 2026 AND THE DESIGNATION WAS RESCINDED. What this row recorded, as at 23 August 2026, was that syria remains designated a State Sponsor of Terrorism…
- HTS-001 Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham, formerly al-Nusrah Front, carries no organisation-level terrorism designation in the United States, the United Nations or the United Kingdom as at…
- SST-002 The United States rescinded Syria's State Sponsor of Terrorism designation on 24 August 2026 and Syria was gone from the department's published list by 25 August 2026…
- REMIT-001 "[quotation withheld, 6 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 31 words; follow the citation]"""
- REMIT-002 The World Bank and KNOMAD exclude Syria from their own 2023 remittance figures for the Middle East and North Africa, and give want of data as the reason
- ECA-001 Two export credit agencies publish an explicit Syria position and both are no cover, while the OECD classifies Syria at category 7 and records it as tied-aid eligible at…
- CORR-001 By its closing date of 17 September 2026 this book had not found a live commercial correspondent relationship between a Syrian bank and a foreign bank, named, with a…
- DISB-001 At the financiers' own records, one route each, read on 11 September 2026: the World Bank's IDA Statement of Credits, Grants and Guarantees as at 31 August 2026 records…
- SHAHBA-001 On 17 September 2026 Estithmar Holding disclosed to the Qatar Stock Exchange the completion of the transfer of a 48.68 per cent stake in Shahba Bank to Masaref Holding…
- CARBON-002 Rewriting the Rules (21 October 2025, its line 1283) printed potential Syrian carbon revenues of $40-$97 million annually by 2030; the figure was the author's own…
- CARBON-003 Rewriting the Rules (its line 1263) gave the voluntary carbon market's value as $1.9 billion in 2022 and $1.75 billion in 2024, citing nothing at the line; the one…
- ECA-002 Rewriting the Rules (its line 1497) said UK Export Finance and Germany's Euler Hermes "can provide political risk insurance" against the risks of investing in Syria…
- DISB-002 On the financiers' own records read on 18 October 2026: the Green Climate Fund records US$6,003,501 disbursed on SAP072 to ACTED, its accredited entity, effective 14…
- DISB-003 The SEEP aide memoire (mission of 9 to 11 June 2026) records total disbursements of US$9.53 million as at 15 June 2026, the UNMAS advance; the status report archived on…
75 sources
- SRC-011 Verified sources and corrections
- SRC-012 Fact-check of Syrian macroeconomic, fiscal, demographic and humanitarian figures
- SRC-070 Arab Monetary Fund, Annual Report 2024, section on Arrears
- SRC-398 United States Department of State, Office of the Spokesperson, 'Rescission of Syria's Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism', press statement of Marco Rubio…
- SRC-404 United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, 'Status: Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York, 1958)', the…
- SRC-405 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, ICSID/3, 'List of Contracting States and Other Signatories of the Convention', 5 pages, as of 9 June 2020
- SRC-406 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, sitemap.xml, both pages, the Centre's own index of its published URLs
- SRC-407 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, International Investment Agreements Navigator, country record for the Syrian Arab Republic
- SRC-408 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator, cases as respondent state for the Syrian Arab Republic, updated as of 31…
- SRC-409 World Bank, projects database, all projects with country code SY, 64 records, searched 25 August 2026
- SRC-410 Green Climate Fund, portfolio project record SAP072, the fund's own project page
- SRC-411 World Bank, press release, 'Syria's Arrears to the World Bank Group Cleared', 16 May 2025, with the Arabic edition of the same release
- SRC-412 DP World, corporate news releases on the Port of Tartus: 'DP World to develop Syria's Tartus port under landmark 30-year deal', 13 July 2025, and 'DP World commences…
- SRC-413 CMA CGM Group, corporate news release, 'CMA CGM Group accelerates launching the second phase of Latakia Port Expansion Project in Syria', 20 August 2025
- SRC-414 Saudi Fund for Development, English news index walked in full, twelve pages, with two releases read whole: 'Saudi Arabia Provides Grant to Supply Syria with 1.65 Million…
- SRC-415 World Bank, World Development Indicators, series BX.TRF.PWKR.CD.DT, 'Personal remittances, received (current US$)', Syrian Arab Republic, complete series, tested against…
- SRC-416 KNOMAD and the World Bank data catalogue, attempted retrieval of the remittance estimate behind the 3.7 billion figure for 2023; RETRIEVAL FAILED
- SRC-417 "[quotation withheld, 9 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 10 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 10 words; follow the citation]"
- SRC-418 World Bank, Prosperity Data360, dataset WB_KNOMAD, indicators WB_KNOMAD_MRI migrant remittance inflows, WB_KNOMAD_MRO outflows and WB_KNOMAD_BRE bilateral remittance…
- SRC-419 United Nations Development Programme, transparency portal, Syria operating unit and the project records for 01005664 'GA 2025- Jandar Power Supply in Conflict Affected'…
- SRC-420 OECD, 'Country Risk Classifications of the Participants to the Arrangement on Officially Supported Export Credits', classification of 26 June 2026, row 175; and 'Country…
- SRC-421 UK Export Finance, 'Cover policy and indicators', guidance page, Syria entry, published 28 April 2013 and last updated 12 August 2026
- SRC-422 Export-Import Bank of the United States, Country Limitation Schedule, effective 30 July 2026, Syria entry and notes 10 and 13
- SRC-423 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, ICSID/8, 'Contracting States and Measures Taken by Them for the Purpose of the Convention', 9 July 2026, 32…
- SRC-424 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, ICSID/3, list of contracting states and other signatories of the Convention, 17 July 2026, 5 pages, with its…
- SRC-431 Mohammad Abdullah al-Far (@alfarMoh81), public statement on the Syrian Sovereign Fund and transparency, X, 22 August 2026, 17:42 UTC; press coverage describes the author…
- SRC-435 Retrieval attempt on the two port concession instruments, TR-013 (CMA CGM, Latakia container terminal, signed 1 May 2025) and TR-014 (DP World, Tartus, signed 13 July…
- SRC-436 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, issue 1, part one, of 2025, gazette page 1: Council of Ministers Presidency decisions No. 1 of 5 January 2025 (the…
- SRC-483 Federal Republic of Germany, export credit guarantees portal (Hermesdeckungen), country information page for Syria (Länderinformation Syrien)
- SRC-484 EKN, Exportkreditnämnden, the Swedish Export Credits Guarantee Board, country page for Syria: country risk classification and EKN's risk assessment
- SRC-485 Nippon Export and Investment Insurance (NEXI), Latest Table of Country/Region Category
- SRC-486 Türk Eximbank, Türkiye İhracat Kredi Bankası, country list of the risk premium calculator on its own site
- SRC-487 Export Development Canada, country information page listing EDC's position by country
- SRC-488 Atradius Dutch State Business, country cover policy for the Middle East, the table of cover per country
- SRC-489 Islamic Development Bank, 'Islamic Development Bank's Board of Executive Directors Restores Syria's Membership', news release, 16 March 2025
- SRC-490 Islamic Development Bank, country page for the Syrian Arab Republic, as at 7 September 2026
- SRC-491 Central Bank of Syria, Treasury Bonds section, announcements of the results of government securities auctions, with fifteen attached result sheets
- SRC-492 Central Bank of Syria, statistics pages: balance of payments statistics, balance of payments indicators, international investment position indicators, and the…
- SRC-493 Central Bank of Syria, Statistical Bulletin (al-nashra al-ihsa'iyya), annual editions for 2011 and 2021
- SRC-494 Green Climate Fund, projects database, the record for SAP072 in the Syrian Arab Republic
- SRC-495 Route audit: nine export credit agencies, whether any publishes a Syria cover position reachable from here. RETRIEVAL ATTEMPTED AND FAILED
- SRC-496 Route audit: the International Monetary Fund's balance of payments statistics for Syria. RETRIEVAL REFUSED
- SRC-497 Route audit: the credit rating agencies' sovereign lists, whether any rates Syria. RETRIEVAL ATTEMPTED AND FAILED
- SRC-498 Route audit: amf.org.ae, the Arab Monetary Fund's own website. TWO SAME-DAY RECORDS OF THIS HOST DISAGREE AND THE CONFLICT IS NAMED RATHER THAN RESOLVED
- SRC-499 Saudi Export-Import Bank (Saudi EXIM), 'Export Credit Insurance - single buyer', product page, read at the Internet Archive capture of 17 January 2026
- SRC-500 Etihad Credit Insurance (ECI), the United Arab Emirates federal export credit company: its own site index and its Global Market Explorer
- SRC-501 Central Bank of Syria, the statistical indicator catalogue behind its balance of payments statistics pages
- SRC-502 Meld. St. 22 (2024–2025), Statens pensjonsfond 2025, Melding til Stortinget, Norwegian Ministry of Finance, presented in Council of State 10 April 2025
- SRC-625 Estithmar Holding Q.P.S.C., 'Estithmar Holding Q.P.S.C. Announces Completion of 48.68% Stake Transfer in Shahba Bank to Masaref Holding, a Subsidiary of Estithmar…
- SRC-627 Shahba Bank (شهبا بنك ش.م.م.ع), emergency disclosure on the change in the ownership of major shareholders (إفصاح طارئ عن التغير في ملكية كبار المساهمين), No. 2026/GM/61…
- SRC-641 World Bank, 'منحة جديدة بقيمة 20 مليون دولار لتعزيز إدارة المالية العامة…', Arabic press release, 11 March 2026
- SRC-642 World Bank, Arabic press release on the water and health grants, 23 April 2026
- SRC-643 World Bank, Arabic press release on the financial sector modernisation grant, 7 August 2026
- SRC-644 Saudi Fund for Development, Arabic news items n987 (11 September 2025, the crude oil grant) and n993 (24 September 2025, the joint budget support with the Qatar Fund)
- SRC-645 UN Development Programme, Arabic press release, 24 September 2025, the Saudi and Qatari joint initiative, Wayback capture of 26 September 2025
- SRC-646 SANA, items 2398503 (10 February 2026, the Japanese grant for Jandar) and 2399632 (11 February 2026, Deir Ali)
- SRC-647 DP World at Tartus in Arabic: Dubai Media Office, 13 July 2025; al-Modon, 12 November 2025; Al Bayan (first crane); SANA 2550988, 11 August 2026
- SRC-648 Damascus International Airport concession in Arabic: SANA 2336016 and Al-Sharq (Doha), both 24 November 2025
- SRC-649 Al Jazeera Net, 1 May 2025, the Latakia container terminal contract with CMA CGM
- SRC-650 UNCITRAL, Arabic pages: the New York Convention, its status table, and the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules
- SRC-651 World Bank, Arabic annual-report page on ICSID
- SRC-652 UN News Arabic, UNCTAD tag page
- SRC-653 Islamic Development Bank Arabic release of 16 March 2025, and the Arabic home pages of ICIEC, Etihad Credit Insurance and the Qatar Fund for Development
- SRC-654 World Bank, Arabic press release on remittances (Migration and Development Brief 40), 26 June 2024, and the Arabic indicator note for BX.TRF.PWKR.CD.DT
- SRC-655 World Bank, Disbursement Guidelines for Projects, Arabic edition ([quotation withheld, 7 words; follow the citation]), May 2006, 17 pages, scanned
- SRC-656 Green Climate Fund, iLearn platform, Arabic course page on the simplified approval process
- SRC-661 Reports of the Banque Bemo Saudi Fransi account at Banque Saudi Fransi: Union of Arab Banks magazine, 3 November 2025; yallasyrianews, 9 November 2025, carrying Enab…
- SRC-662 Banque Saudi Fransi, Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2025, approved by the board on 26 January 2026, 139 pages
- SRC-663 Al Jazeera Net, 23 September 2026, and Verify-Sy (Taakad), 23 September 2026, reporting the governor of the Central Bank of Syria's statement on his official page of…
- SRC-676 Asharq Business with Bloomberg (اقتصاد الشرق مع بلومبرغ), [quotation withheld, 12 words; follow the citation], 28 October 2025, the chief executive of Banque Bemo Saudi…
- SRC-677 Banque Saudi Fransi, Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended 31 March 2026 and for the six months ended 30 June 2026 (unaudited…
- SRC-678 United Nations, Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York, 1958), UNCITRAL's English text with its introductory note
- SRC-695 Ecosystem Marketplace (Forest Trends), State of the Voluntary Carbon Market 2024: On the Path to Maturity, Alex Procton, 2024
- SRC-699 World Bank, Implementation Status and Results Report, Syria Health System Recovery and Strengthening Project (P513704), sequence 1, ISR08669, archived 12 September 2026
- SRC-817 "[quotation withheld, 6 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 10 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 11 words; follow the citation]"
Chapter 11: Capability Gates
17 claims
- FISCAL-001 GDP, revenue, expenditure and hydrocarbon share form one consistent fiscal picture
- FISCAL-002 Syria's 2025 fiscal surplus reflects improved administration and revenue recovery
- INTRO-001 The World Bank October 2025 assessment states that it does not provide detailed disaggregation by sectors or individual asset types, that the estimate will need to be…
- INTRO-002 No whole-of-Syria, sector-disaggregated damage and reconstruction costing covering the conflict period had been published after the October 2025 assessment, as at 9…
- INTRO-004 Across all twenty-eight, as at 10 August 2026, no record carries a published figure for money disbursed to Syria
- INTRO-004a Of the twenty-eight records in the register, one carries a published figure for money disbursed and twenty-seven do not
- INTRO-005 Reconstruction is costed at US$216 billion in December 2024 US dollars, a conservative best estimate within a published range, and physical damage at US$108 billion. The…
- CH1-012 No published Green Climate Fund document states a sum of readiness support disbursed to Syria, as at 10 August 2026
- CH3-008 USD 7.6 billion is the higher of two competing estimates of the LIMIT of Iran's credit line to Syria, not a verifiable civilian component of any claim
- CH3-009 Documents reported leaked from Iran's foreign ministry put Syria's debt to Iran at USD 50 billion over ten years, military and civilian, with agreements covering USD 18…
- CH5-001 Decrees 112 and 113 of 2025 specify different transparency machinery on the same day, on the same authority: 112 requires audit by neutral accounting firms and…
- SDF-001 On 25 August 2026 the commander of the Syrian Democratic Forces announced its dissolution as an independent military force, stating that its integration into the Syrian…
- BUDGET-002 The Ministry of Finance's citizen budget for 2026 expects revenue from oil and gas of 2.434 billion US dollars, 27.9 per cent of expected revenue of 8.716 billion…
- FISCAL-003 The Ministry of Finance's report on the first half of 2026, released 31 August 2026, gives actual revenue of US$2,695 million against spending of US$3,700 million, a…
- BUDGET-003 None of the Ministry of Finance's three documents held separates social protection: the citizen budget 2026 places it inside 41 per cent with health and education (page…
- FISCAL-004 The Ministry of Finance's summary of 2025 (dated March 2026, released 7 April 2026) gives preliminary actual revenue of US$3,493 million against spending of US$3,447…
- DISB-002 On the financiers' own records read on 18 October 2026: the Green Climate Fund records US$6,003,501 disbursed on SAP072 to ACTED, its accredited entity, effective 14…
50 sources
- SRC-009 UN Common Country Analysis Syria
- SRC-057 World Bank, The Syrian Conflict: Physical Damage and Reconstruction Assessment (2011–2024), August 2025, disclosed 21 October 2025
- SRC-072 Inter-Parliamentary Union, Parline, Syrian Arab Republic, People's Assembly, October 2025 election record
- SRC-275 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, 2026: issue 1 of 7 January 2026 and issue 2 of 14 January 2026
- SRC-425 Mine Action Area of Responsibility (Syria MA AoR), 'Syria Mine Action AoR Situation Update No.8 (March - July 2026)', 14 pages, posted and originally published on…
- SRC-426 Mine Action Area of Responsibility (Syria MA AoR), 'Syria Mine Action AoR Situation Update No.7 (December 2025 - March 2026)', ReliefWeb, originally published 16 March…
- SRC-427 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates, 'Statement of Recovery Priorities for International Cooperation', March 2026
- SRC-428 Human Rights Watch, World Report 2026, Syria chapter, covering events of 2025
- SRC-429 Enab Baladi English, 'Syria-Turkey Military Agreement... A New Approach Constrained by Limits', August 2025, on the joint training consultancy memorandum of…
- SRC-430 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, 2026: the D-131 sweep of the gap bracketing the reported 20 March 2026 budget approval, run 30 August 2026 over…
- SRC-435 Retrieval attempt on the two port concession instruments, TR-013 (CMA CGM, Latakia container terminal, signed 1 May 2025) and TR-014 (DP World, Tartus, signed 13 July…
- SRC-436 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, issue 1, part one, of 2025, gazette page 1: Council of Ministers Presidency decisions No. 1 of 5 January 2025 (the…
- SRC-454 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, 2026: issues 30, 31 and 32, retrieved against the search for Presidential Decree No. 99 of 2026
- SRC-462 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, 2026: the supplements to issues 7 and 17 (العدد 07، ملحق الجزء 1 and العدد 17، ملحق الجزء 1)
- SRC-463 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, part one, 2026: thirty-one issues, being 1, 2 and 4 to 32, the whole of what the archive had published for that year on 4…
- SRC-494 Green Climate Fund, projects database, the record for SAP072 in the Syrian Arab Republic
- SRC-503 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'President al-Sharaa appoints Mazloum Abdi as adviser', 28 August 2026, reporting Presidential Decree No. 164 of 2026 of 27 August 2026
- SRC-520 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates, news item, 'برعاية وزارة الخارجية والمغتربين وبحضور وفد الأمم المتحدة تم إطلاق بيان أولويات التعافي في…
- SRC-521 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates, news item, 'عقدت إدارة التعاون الدولي في وزارة الخارجية والمغتربين ممثلةً بمدير الإدارة السيد قتيبة…
- SRC-522 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'وزارة الخارجية تطلق بيان أولويات التعافي وخطة الاستجابة للاحتياجات الإنسانية في سوريا', 2 April 2026
- SRC-523 United Nations in the Syrian Arab Republic, '2025 UN Country Results Report', 2026
- SRC-524 World Bank, 'Syria Emergency Water Security and Resilient Services Project (P515199), Project Information Document, Appraisal Stage', Report No. PIDIA01642…
- SRC-525 Syria NGO Forum, 'Building Back Together: NGOs as Partners in a Recovery that Leaves No One Behind', position paper, 10 May 2026, posted on ReliefWeb 11 May 2026
- SRC-526 Guy Jobbins, Mauricio Vazquez and Yue Cao, 'Beyond bricks and mortar: navigating Syria's path to a resilient recovery', ODI Global, expert comment, 6 March 2026
- SRC-527 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 'Syrian Arab Republic: 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan', April 2026
- SRC-528 United Nations Audiovisual Library, UNifeed, 'UNDP / Syria De Croo visit', 2 April 2026
- SRC-529 European Commission, 'EU coordinates international support for the recovery of Syria's economy and reconstruction process', 11 May 2026
- SRC-616 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 5, part one, 4 February 2026, 71 pages, and issue 6, part one, 11 February 2026, 31 pages
- SRC-670 UN News (Arabic), story 1062062, 23 September 2020, [quotation withheld, 12 words; follow the citation], on ESCWA's report
- SRC-671 United Nations system, Arabic pages read 24 September 2026: FAO's Arabic home page, UNICEF's Arabic home page, the un.org/ar property card for UNIDO, and the UN in…
- SRC-672 UNFCCC, FCCC/SBSTA/2021/2, provisional agenda and annotations, Arabic
- SRC-673 United Nations Mine Action Service, Arabic home page
- SRC-674 SANA, item 2572371, 4 September 2026, [quotation withheld, 11 words; follow the citation]
- SRC-675 SANA, items 2525336 (12 July 2026, [quotation withheld, 7 words; follow the citation]) and 2515628 (30 June 2026, on the first session under the temporary electoral…
- SRC-679 Anadolu Agency (Arabic), item 3659337, 14 August 2025, [quotation withheld, 8 words; follow the citation]
- SRC-699 World Bank, Implementation Status and Results Report, Syria Health System Recovery and Strengthening Project (P513704), sequence 1, ISR08669, archived 12 September 2026
- SRC-700 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Finance, تقرير الأداء المالي نسخة المواطن، النصف الأول من 2026م (financial performance report, citizen edition, first half of 2026)…
- SRC-701 Supplement No. 1 to Part 740, Country Groups, Export Administration Regulations, 15 CFR part 740, eCFR text current to 24 September 2026, read 28 September 2026
- SRC-705 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Finance, موجز عن الأداء المالي للخزينة العامة للدولة عن 2025 (Summary of the financial performance of the state general treasury for…
- SRC-706 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Finance, Telegram channel @SyrMOfF, post 9123 [quotation withheld, 7 words; follow the citation], an album of seven images (posts 9123…
- SRC-760 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 33, part one, dated 26 August 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria Report's…
- SRC-762 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 34, part one, dated 2 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-764 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 35, part one, dated 9 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-815 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates, International Cooperation Department, 'Statement of Recovery Priorities for International…
- SRC-816 Supplement No. 1 to Part 740, Country Groups, Export Administration Regulations, 15 CFR part 740, eCFR text current to 15 October 2026, read 18 October 2026
- SRC-817 "[quotation withheld, 6 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 10 words; follow the citation]""[quotation withheld, 11 words; follow the citation]"
- SRC-870 The Syria Report, online archive of the Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, listing of the 2026 issues as served on 18 October 2026 (75 titles, issue 1 to…
- SRC-871 Official Gazette of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2026, issue 36, part one, dated 16 September 2026 at the masthead and on the archive listing, as served by The Syria…
- SRC-880 Financial Action Task Force, 'FATF Week - October 2026', news item, Paris, 20 October 2026; with AML Intelligence, 20 October 2026
- SRC-901 SANA (Arabic), [quotation withheld, 11 words; follow the citation], 15 October 2026 (item 2607550), by Yara Assaf
Chapter 12: What the Record Will Bear
8 claims
- APP-001 The appendix contains 199 unique failing figures
- FUEL-001 From 13 September 2026 the permanent pricing committee's temporary bulletin set diesel at 175 Syrian pounds a litre, benzine 95 at 195 and benzine 90 at 185, against…
- FISCAL-004 The Ministry of Finance's summary of 2025 (dated March 2026, released 7 April 2026) gives preliminary actual revenue of US$3,493 million against spending of US$3,447…
- CBAM-003 Under Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956, as replaced by Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 and applying from 1 January 2026, a declarant whose embedded emissions are…
- FISCAL-005 The World Bank's Macro Poverty Outlook puts Syria's overall fiscal balance at minus 7.7, minus 5.1 and plus 1.4 per cent of GDP for 2023, 2024 and 2025 in its April 2026…
- DISB-002 On the financiers' own records read on 18 October 2026: the Green Climate Fund records US$6,003,501 disbursed on SAP072 to ACTED, its accredited entity, effective 14…
- HUM-001 Contributions reported to the OCHA Financial Tracking Service against the 2026 Syria humanitarian plan (plan 1518) were US$942,198,905 against requirements of…
- NDC-001 As at 18 October 2026 the UNFCCC NDC Registry's default view (active entries) shows 352 entries, the newest submitted on 15 October 2026, and one for Syria, the First…
15 sources
- SRC-142 Syrian Sovereign Fund, official website, English
- SRC-149 World Bank, Macro Poverty Outlook, Syrian Arab Republic, April 2026
- SRC-438 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Financial Tracking Service: funding and requirements for the Syrian Arab Republic Humanitarian Needs…
- SRC-494 Green Climate Fund, projects database, the record for SAP072 in the Syrian Arab Republic
- SRC-560 Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 October 2025 amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the…
- SRC-582 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'تعديل مؤقت لأسعار المشتقات النفطية.. والنشرة الجديدة ابتداء من اليوم', 13 September 2026, reporting the Permanent Committee for…
- SRC-624 Syrian Sovereign Fund, official website, Arabic edition (الصندوق السيادي السوري), as served 21 September 2026: the home page and the media-centre item of 2 August 2026…
- SRC-657 OHCHR, Arabic unofficial translation («ترجمة غير رسمية») of A/HRC/61/CRP.7, the Commission of Inquiry's conference room paper on the violations committed in July 2025 in…
- SRC-658 UN News Arabic, story 1143190, 14 August 2025, reporting the Commission's coastal paper A/HRC/59/CRP.4
- SRC-659 The Arab Encyclopedia (Syria), entry 14940, ICARDA
- SRC-660 The Green Climate Fund project for Syria in Arabic: Al Jazeera Net, 4 July 2026; SANA 2518545, 3 July 2026; Syria TV
- SRC-705 Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Finance, موجز عن الأداء المالي للخزينة العامة للدولة عن 2025 (Summary of the financial performance of the state general treasury for…
- SRC-793 World Bank, Macro Poverty Outlook, Syrian Arab Republic, October 2026
- SRC-831 UNFCCC, NDC Registry (Nationally Determined Contributions Registry), default view, as rendered on 18 October 2026
- SRC-845 Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 'مرسوم بتعيين عمر سامر الحلبي مستشاراً للشؤون الاقتصادية لدى رئاسة الجمهورية', 18 October 2026, with the full text of Decree No. 191 of…